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Oracle 11gR2 创建 PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION 对应密码复杂度验证函数步骤
运行测试环境：数据库服务器 Oracle Linux 5.8 + Oracle 11g R2 数据库
相关工具：PL/SQL 软件 (连接 Linux 下的 Oracle 数据库),SecureCRT 软件 (远程连接 Linux 服务器)
详细步骤：
1、连接上 Linux 数据库服务器，切换到 Oracle 数据库用户桌面，打开终端，进入到环境变量 $ORACLE_HOME 目录
Last login: Fri Dec 11 13:26:18 2015 from 192.168.1.100
[root@Linux 主机名 ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@Linux 主机名 dbhome_1]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@Linux 主机名 admin]$
2、查看 Oracle11g 数据库提供的默认密码复杂度函数脚本 (Oracle 安装目录下的 /rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql 文件)
[oracle@Linux 主机名 admin]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql
脚本详细内容详见文章末尾
3、登录 Oracle 数据库并执行 Oracle11g 数据库提供的默认密码复杂度函数脚本
[oracle@Linux 主机名 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Dec 11 13:33:58 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql
Function created.
Profile altered.
Function created.
SQL>
4、在 PL/SQL 中创建用户的资源文件，执行下面语句
CREATE PROFILE 资源文件名 LIMIT
SESSIONS_PER_USER UNLIMITED
CPU_PER_SESSION UNLIMITED
CPU_PER_CALL UNLIMITED
CONNECT_TIME UNLIMITED
IDLE_TIME 600 –10 小时连续不活动的话系统自动断开连接
LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION UNLIMITED
LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL UNLIMITED
COMPOSITE_LIMIT UNLIMITED
PRIVATE_SGA UNLIMITED
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 10 – 指定锁定用户的登录失败次数为 10 次，超过 10 次则系统被自动锁定
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180 – 指定用户同一密码锁允许使用的天数为 180 天
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME UNLIMITED
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1 – 指定用户被锁定天数为 1 天
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 10 – 数据库发出警告到登录失效前的宽限天数
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G
5、测试更新用户密码
– 创建用户并使用自定义的配置文件
create user 用户名 identified by 密码 default tablespace 默认表空间名 temporary tablespace 临时表空间名 profile 资源文件名;
– 用户授权
grant connect,resource,exp_full_database,imp_full_database to 用户名;
– 更新用户密码为简单的字符串
alter user 用户名 identified by 123456;
– 更新用户密码为复杂的字符串
alter user 用户名 identified by Csdn_20151211;
6、结论：发现简单密码无法更新，复杂的密码更新成功。
附：$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql 脚本源文件内容
Rem
Rem $Header: utlpwdmg.sql 02-aug-2006.08:18:05 asurpur Exp $
Rem
Rem utlpwdmg.sql
Rem
Rem Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Rem
Rem NAME
Rem utlpwdmg.sql – script for Default Password Resource Limits
Rem
Rem DESCRIPTION
Rem This is a script for enabling the password management features
Rem by setting the default password resource limits.
Rem
Rem NOTES
Rem This file contains a function for minimum checking of password
Rem complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customer
Rem can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the
Rem customer wants to make on the new password.
Rem
Rem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)
Rem asurpur 05/30/06 – fix – 5246666 beef up password complexity check
Rem nireland 08/31/00 – Improve check for username=password. #1390553
Rem nireland 06/28/00 – Fix null old password test. #1341892
Rem asurpur 04/17/97 – Fix for bug479763
Rem asurpur 12/12/96 – Changing the name of password_verify_function
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 – New script for default password management
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 – Created
Rem
— This script sets the default password resource parameters
— This script needs to be run to enable the password features.
— However the default resource parameters can be changed based
— on the need.
— A default password complexity function is also provided.
— This function makes the minimum complexity checks like
— the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
— username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to
— the need.
— This function must be created in SYS schema.
— connect sys/<password> as sysdba before running the script
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function_11G
(username varchar2,
password varchar2,
old_password varchar2)
RETURN boolean IS
n boolean;
m integer;
differ integer;
isdigit boolean;
ischar boolean;
ispunct boolean;
db_name varchar2(40);
digitarray varchar2(20);
punctarray varchar2(25);
chararray varchar2(52);
i_char varchar2(10);
simple_password varchar2(10);
reverse_user varchar2(32);
BEGIN
digitarray:= ‘0123456789’;
chararray:= ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ’;
— Check for the minimum length of the password
IF length(password) < 8 THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, ‘Password length less than 8’);
END IF;
— Check if the password is same as the username or username(1-100)
IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, ‘Password same as or similar to user’);
END IF;
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
i_char := to_char(i);
if NLS_LOWER(username)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
raise_application_error(-20005, ‘Password same as or similar to user name ‘);
END IF;
END LOOP;
— Check if the password is same as the username reversed
FOR i in REVERSE 1..length(username) LOOP
reverse_user := reverse_user || substr(username, i, 1);
END LOOP;
IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(reverse_user) THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, ‘Password same as username reversed’);
END IF;
— Check if the password is the same as server name and or servername(1-100)
select name into db_name from sys.v$database;
if NLS_LOWER(db_name) = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
raise_application_error(-20004, ‘Password same as or similar to server name’);
END IF;
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
i_char := to_char(i);
if NLS_LOWER(db_name)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
raise_application_error(-20005, ‘Password same as or similar to server name ‘);
END IF;
END LOOP;
— Check if the password is too simple. A dictionary of words may be
— maintained and a check may be made so as not to allow the words
— that are too simple for the password.
IF NLS_LOWER(password) IN (‘welcome1’, ‘database1’, ‘account1’, ‘user1234’, ‘password1’, ‘oracle123’, ‘computer1’, ‘abcdefg1’, ‘change_on_install’) THEN
raise_application_error(-20006, ‘Password too simple’);
END IF;
— Check if the password is the same as oracle (1-100)
simple_password := ‘oracle’;
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
i_char := to_char(i);
if simple_password || i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
raise_application_error(-20007, ‘Password too simple ‘);
END IF;
END LOOP;
— Check if the password contains at least one letter, one digit
— 1. Check for the digit
isdigit:=FALSE;
m := length(password);
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(digitarray,i,1) THEN
isdigit:=TRUE;
GOTO findchar;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF isdigit = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20008, ‘Password must contain at least one digit, one character’);
END IF;
— 2. Check for the character
<<findchar>>
ischar:=FALSE;
FOR i IN 1..length(chararray) LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(chararray,i,1) THEN
ischar:=TRUE;
GOTO endsearch;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF ischar = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20009, ‘Password must contain at least one \
digit, and one character’);
END IF;
<<endsearch>>
— Check if the password differs from the previous password by at least
— 3 letters
IF old_password IS NOT NULL THEN
differ := length(old_password) – length(password);
differ := abs(differ);
IF differ < 3 THEN
IF length(password) < length(old_password) THEN
m := length(password);
ELSE
m := length(old_password);
END IF;
FOR i IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,i,1) != substr(old_password,i,1) THEN
differ := differ + 1;
END IF;
END LOOP;
IF differ < 3 THEN
raise_application_error(-20011, ‘Password should differ from the \
old password by at least 3 characters’);
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
— Everything is fine; return TRUE ;
RETURN(TRUE);
END;
/
— This script alters the default parameters for Password Management
— This means that all the users on the system have Password Management
— enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is
— created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED
— is created and assigned to the user.
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 7
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME UNLIMITED
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 10
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G;
— Below is the older version of the script
— This script sets the default password resource parameters
— This script needs to be run to enable the password features.
— However the default resource parameters can be changed based
— on the need.
— A default password complexity function is also provided.
— This function makes the minimum complexity checks like
— the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
— username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to
— the need.
— This function must be created in SYS schema.
— connect sys/<password> as sysdba before running the script
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function
(username varchar2,
password varchar2,
old_password varchar2)
RETURN boolean IS
n boolean;
m integer;
differ integer;
isdigit boolean;
ischar boolean;
ispunct boolean;
digitarray varchar2(20);
punctarray varchar2(25);
chararray varchar2(52);
BEGIN
digitarray:= ‘0123456789’;
chararray:= ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ’;
punctarray:=’!”#$%&()“*+,-/:;<=>?_’;
— Check if the password is same as the username
IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN
raise_application_error(-20001, ‘Password same as or similar to user’);
END IF;
— Check for the minimum length of the password
IF length(password) < 4 THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, ‘Password length less than 4’);
END IF;
— Check if the password is too simple. A dictionary of words may be
— maintained and a check may be made so as not to allow the words
— that are too simple for the password.
IF NLS_LOWER(password) IN (‘welcome’, ‘database’, ‘account’, ‘user’, ‘password’, ‘oracle’, ‘computer’, ‘abcd’) THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, ‘Password too simple’);
END IF;
— Check if the password contains at least one letter, one digit and one
— punctuation mark.
— 1. Check for the digit
isdigit:=FALSE;
m := length(password);
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(digitarray,i,1) THEN
isdigit:=TRUE;
GOTO findchar;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF isdigit = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, ‘Password should contain at least one digit, one character and one punctuation’);
END IF;
— 2. Check for the character
<<findchar>>
ischar:=FALSE;
FOR i IN 1..length(chararray) LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(chararray,i,1) THEN
ischar:=TRUE;
GOTO findpunct;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF ischar = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, ‘Password should contain at least one \
digit, one character and one punctuation’);
END IF;
— 3. Check for the punctuation
<<findpunct>>
ispunct:=FALSE;
FOR i IN 1..length(punctarray) LOOP
FOR j IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,j,1) = substr(punctarray,i,1) THEN
ispunct:=TRUE;
GOTO endsearch;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF ispunct = FALSE THEN
raise_application_error(-20003, ‘Password should contain at least one \
digit, one character and one punctuation’);
END IF;
<<endsearch>>
— Check if the password differs from the previous password by at least
— 3 letters
IF old_password IS NOT NULL THEN
differ := length(old_password) – length(password);
IF abs(differ) < 3 THEN
IF length(password) < length(old_password) THEN
m := length(password);
ELSE
m := length(old_password);
END IF;
differ := abs(differ);
FOR i IN 1..m LOOP
IF substr(password,i,1) != substr(old_password,i,1) THEN
differ := differ + 1;
END IF;
END LOOP;
IF differ < 3 THEN
raise_application_error(-20004, ‘Password should differ by at \
least 3 characters’);
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
— Everything is fine; return TRUE ;
RETURN(TRUE);
END;
/
— This script alters the default parameters for Password Management
— This means that all the users on the system have Password Management
— enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is
— created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED
— is created and assigned to the user.
— Enable this if you want older version of the Password Profile parameters
— ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
— PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60
— PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 10
— PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 1800
— PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED
— FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3
— PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1/1440
— PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function;
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