CentsOS 7.3无外网环境下安装MySQL 5.7.20

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由于工作需要，需要在一台装有 CentOS 系统的测试服务器上安装 MySQL，由于该服务器上存有其他比较重要的测试数据，所以不能连接外网。由于之前安装 MySQL 一直都是使用 yum 命令一键搞定的，所以手动安装的话还是有些麻烦的。所以在这里我将我在安装过程中遇到的一些问题记录下来。

1. 需求就不用讲了，客户现场，政府环境，银行环境，大多是没网的，所以无网安装是很有必要的

mysql 下载路径：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

CentsOS 7.3 无外网环境下安装 MySQL 5.7.20

查看自己 Linux 系统版本

[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

往下拉继续选择

CentsOS 7.3 无外网环境下安装 MySQL 5.7.20

选择对应的下载，mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

这样几分钟就下载了。

2. 准备依赖包：

a.numactl 软件包：

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

b. 其他相关支持：

perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

下载方式：https://pkgs.org

CentsOS 7.3 无外网环境下安装 MySQL 5.7.20

下面是下载路径：

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

3. 上传文件到服务器上

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm              100%  65KB  2.1MB/s  00:00    
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  29KB  1.7MB/s  00:00    
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  23KB  1.5MB/s  00:00    
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm      100%  47KB  1.2MB/s  00:00    
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
Permission denied, please try again.
root@linuxidc's password: 
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm              100%  24KB 618.3KB/s  00:00    
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc's password: 
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar                    100%  566MB  4.5MB/s  02:05

查看上传的包

[root@linuxidc ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                          numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm          numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
miniconda2                                perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  Pythonshell
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

4. 安装

第一步，先安装依赖，安装 perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 和 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7    ################################# [100%]

第二步，继续安装 numactl 相关

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh numactl*
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    package numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64 is already installed

如果不安装这个包会报错，错误如下（本人未测试）：

error: Failed dependencies: 
  
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 
  
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 
  
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

若此时直接安装 mysql，还会异常：

warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: 
 mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 
 mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

第一行还能看明白，是依赖问题，第二行的“mariadb-libs 被废弃”是什么鬼? 废弃了为什么不提供一个新的还要出现这种弱智提示呢? 经过一番搜寻，才发现是因为在 CentOS 7 上已经有一个 mariadb 而这个会与 MySQL 的 mariadb 发生冲突。所以此时我们需要将系统自带的 mariadb 卸载掉，然后使用 mysql 自带的 mariadb。

接下来查看 mariadb 版本

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

卸载系统安装的 mariadb

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@linuxidc ~]#

解决好这个问题后，就可以安装 mysql 了, 先解压 mysql，并查看安装包

[root@linuxidc ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
miniconda2
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
pythonshell

直接安装, 报错：

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
    perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

貌似不能直接全安装，有顺序，继续：

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-*
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [50%]
   2:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# 
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

说缺少 net-tools，下载下来装呗，继续：

net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-c
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]

中间安装 server 时，又说必须安装 client，至此，mysql 安装成功，打完收工。

5. 启动查看配置

[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service
[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-11-04 13:56:37 CST; 24s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 4644 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 4571 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4647 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─4647 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 
Nov 04 13:56:07 linuxidc systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Nov 04 13:56:37 linuxidc systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

至此，无网安装难的历史已经结束，至少的我实验没问题了，好像还缺点是什么，数据库密码是啥？

[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2017-11-04T05:56:08.454323Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ps1DY?%T.Vc4

这样就可以登录数据库了，try 一下：

[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

报错了，连输入密码的机会也没有。

[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.20
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql>

登陆成功试试，数据库好使不

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

不改密码，用不了，继续：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

然后再使用 SQL 就没问题了

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

用数据库工具链接，出现问题：

CentsOS 7.3 无外网环境下安装 MySQL 5.7.20

不允许远程访问，改继续：

mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再试就没有问题了，至此数据库安装问题基本没有。

查看 mysql 配置文件地址：

[root@linuxidc ~]# find / -iname '*.cnf' -print
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
/root/miniconda2/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2l-0/ssl/openssl.cnf
/root/miniconda2/ssl/openssl.cnf
/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf

查看字符集：

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                      |
| character_set_database  | latin1                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server    | latin1                    |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir      | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)