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一、系统环境及说明
系统：CentOS6.x_x64 MySQL: 社区版 5.6.21, 开源数据库用的最多的 MySQL，编译安装比较繁琐，yum 安装版本比较低且默认安装的位置是 /var/ 下，本次采用官方下载的 rpm 包，通过脚本自动化安装并定制数据目录到独立分区中(本次为 /data1 目录)
另外补充部分是给出针对 Ubuntu/CentOS7 的实际配置; 最后提供了脚本一键安装; 注意的是 glibc 版本要大于 2.12
二、准备安装包
1、官方下载
#https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads 选择对应的版本和平台软件包：
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm #x 就是你下的版本号以下类同
MySQL-devel-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
2、本实验用到的包
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相关资料可从以下信息得到下载：
点击这个 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/93755.htm 链接 关注 Linux 公社官方微信，关注后回复数字151894。即可得到网友的分享密码。
如果取消关注 Linux 公社公众号，即使再次关注，也将无法提供本服务！
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/17n92UK1RmvTwktAjLBlK7g 密码：获得见上面的方法，地址失效请在下面留言。
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包含了以下软件包(也是从官方下载)：
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
三、安装 mysql5.6
1、如果是官方下载的请直接执行下面操作
#rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm #提供基础依赖组件，需要第一个安装
#yum remove mysql-libs -y #御载默认自带的 mysql-lib
#yum install libaio -y #安装 libiao
#rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh MySQL-test-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.x-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
说明: 以上直接安装的数据目录在 /var/lib/mysql 下 但有时你并不希望 数据目录和 / 目录在一个分区 (磁盘) 上
因此可通过脚本重重新初始化安装到别的目录; 完成自定制;
2、本实验脚本如下：
将以上 rpm 包放到一个目录, 创建 my.cnf 文件(公供参考)
cat my.cnf
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
socket = /data1/mysqldb/data/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data1/mysqldb/data/mysql.pid
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data1/mysqldb/data
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data1/mysqldb/log/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 500
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 1024
table-open-cache = 2048
# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 64M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 256M
# LOGGING #
log-error = /data1/mysqldb/log/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 0
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data1/mysqldb/log/mysql-slow.log
注意: 生产环境有些优化参数请按需修改; 以上仅供参考; 您也可以到 https://tools.percona.com/ 网站填写相关参数生成配置文件;
并在目录中创建一个 install.sh 脚本内容如下:
cat install.sh
#!/bin/bash
src_dir=$(pwd)
cd $src_dir
rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum remove mysql-libs -y
yum install libaio -y
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-test-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#service mysql start && echo “mysql5.6.21 has installes sucess!”
#mysql_root_pwd=`gawk -F : ‘{print $4}’ /root/.mysql_secret`
#echo “A random root password has been set. You will find it in ‘/root/.mysql_secret’.”
#echo “The random root password was:’${mysql_root_pwd//}'”
service mysql stop
[-d /data1/mysqldb/data] || mkdir -p /data1/mysqldb/data
[-d /data1/mysqldb/log] || mkdir -p /data1/mysqldb/log
chown mysql.mysql /data1/mysqldb -R
cd $src_dir
cp ${src_dir}/my.cnf /etc
cd /usr/bin
./mysql_install_db –user=mysql –basedir=/usr –datadir=/data1/mysqldb/data #迁移数据目录到 /data1/mysqldb/data 下可自行定制
cd /var/lib
mv mysql /tmp
mkdir mysql
chown mysql.mysql mysql
service mysql start && echo “Mysql root password was empty.Please change when you login mysql.”
ln -s /data1/mysqldb/data/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #由于一些 mysql 工具默认到这里找 mysql.sock 所以做个软链
四、注意问题
1、关闭 selinux 否则脚本安装不成功
2、安装后系统自带的 postfix 和 crontab 工具被御了，重新 yum 安装 一次即可
3、mysql 服务的 root 密码为空，请自行修改 root 密码
或在脚本中添加以下行 在 mysql 迁移好目录启动后自动修改 mysql root 密码
mysqladmin -u root password “123.com”
补充部分:
CentOS7.x 安装 mysql 5.7.21
到 mysql 官方下载 Linux 通用包 wget https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
解压：
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
ln -sv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
添加环境变量
cat /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
初始化:
#useradd -r mysql
#mkdir -pv /data/mysql
#chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql
#mysqld –initialize-insecure –datadir=/data/mysql –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf.d
#chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/etc
#cp /etc/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/
#cat /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
!includedir /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf.d
复制启动脚本：
#cp /usr/local/mysql/suppor-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#touch /usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
#chwon mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
#chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
#chkconfig –add mysqld
#chkconfig mysqld on
#service mysqld start
Ubuntu 16.04 上安装
下载同样的包
安装的步骤与上面 CentOS7 类似，不同的是 ubuntu 16.04 上不支持 service 方式管理
因此需要复制
#cp /usr/local/mysql/suppor-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#sudo systemctl daemon-reload
#chown root.mysql /usr/local/mysql -R
#chmod 775 /usr/local/mysql -R
#systemctl enable mysqld
#systemctl start mysqld
#systemctl status mysqld
如图:
mysql -uroot -p
如图：
注意安装后 mysql root 密码为空; 请自行设置 root 密码; 以下脚本一键安装亦是如此！
一键安装脚本
以上在 CentOS7 上安装和 Ubuntu 16.04 下安装大同小异, 均可以安装成功; 因此整理成一键安装脚本!
#cat auto_install_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
#version 2018-04-01 by san
setenforce 0
yum install wget -y
sourceDir=$(pwd)
installDir=/usr/local
mysqlData=/data1/mysqldb
mysqlBaseDir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqldb=”mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz”
xtrabackup=”percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm”
check_mariadb(){
if [$(rpm -qa|grep mariadb|wc -l) -gt 1 ]
then
echo “Find mariadb installed!”
read -t 6 -p “default y|Y remove pause 6 seconds!n|N Cacle install!” yesNo
if [[$yesNo == “n” || $yesNo == “N”]]
then
echo “Cacle install mysqldb” && exit 0
else
yum -y remove mariadb mariadb-server
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
fi
fi
}
check_mariadb
[-f $sourceDir]||mkdir $sourceDir -pv
[[$(id mysql >/dev/null && echo $?) == 0 ]] && echo “mysql is exsits!” || useradd -r mysql
cd $sourceDir
[-f ${sourceDir}/${mysqldb} ] || wget https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xvf $mysqldb -C $installDir
cd $installDir
ln -sv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[-f /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh]|| echo “export PATH=$mysqlBaseDir/bin:$PATH” >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# 创建 mysql 数据目录
[-d $mysqlData]|| mkdir -pv $mysqlData
chown mysql.mysql $mysqlData
$mysqlBaseDir/bin/mysqld –initialize-insecure –datadir=$mysqlData –user=mysql –basedir=$mysqlBaseDir/
[-d $mysqlBaseDir/etc/my.cnf.d] || mkdir -pv $mysqlBaseDir/etc/my.cnf.d
[-d $mysqlBaseDir/log] || mkdir -pv $mysqlBaseDir/log
echo ‘
[mysqld]
datadir=/data1/mysqldb
socket=/data1/mysqldb/mysql.sock
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1
symbolic-links=0
#binlog
server-id = 1
log_bin = /data1/mysqldb/mysql-bin.log
# 建议打开
innodb_file_per_table=ON
skip_name_resolve=ON
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
!includedir /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf.d
‘ >/$mysqlBaseDir/etc/my.cnf
touch /usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
chown mysql.mysql $mysqlBaseDir/* -R
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf.d -R
#add manager script
cp -rp $mysqlBaseDir/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig –add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
systemctl daemon-reload
service mysqld start
ln -sv /data1/mysqldb/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
###
echo “mysql root password is empty”
echo ‘install xtrabackup tool’
cd $sourceDir
[-f ${sourceDir}/${xtrabackup} ] || wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.8/binary/RedHat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install ./percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
