RMAN-06172 Troubleshooting

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今天在 RMAN 还原测试过程中，遇到了 ”RMAN-06172: no autobackup found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece” 这个错误，如下所示：

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile “/u01/app/Oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initSCM2.ora”

from “/u04/backup/backupsets/ora_cfc-4095319980-20180327-00”;

Starting restore at 28-MAR-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/28/2018 14:20:12

RMAN-06172: no autobackup found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece

当然，此处是还原参数文件，其实还原控制文件或其它数据文件都会遇到这个错误，关于这个错误，官方解释为：

Versions 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

Error: RMAN-06172 no AUTOBACKUP found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece

—————————————————————————

Cause: A restore could not proceed because no AUTOBACKUP was found or

specified handle is not a valid copy or backup piece. In case of

restore from AUTOBACKUP, it may be the case that a backup exists, but

it does not satisfy the criteria specified in the user’s restore

operands. In case of restore from handle, it may be the handle is not a

backup piece or control file copy. In may be that it does not exist.

Action: Modify AUTOBACKUP search criteria or verify the handle.

Versions 9.2, 10.1, 10.2

Error: RMAN-06172 no autobackup found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece

—————————————————————————

Cause: A restore could not proceed because no autobackup was found or

specified handle is not a valid copy or backup piece. In case of

restore from autobackup, it may be the case that a backup exists, but

it does not satisfy the criteria specified in the user’s restore

operands. In case of restore from handle, it may be the handle is not a

backup piece or controflile copy. In may be that it does not exist.

Action: Modify autobackup search criteria or verify the handle.

导致 RMAN-06172 错误的原因如上，但是引起这个错误的场景非常多，个人总结了一下，大概可以从下面几个方面去判别、分析：

1：备份集过期或备份文件不存在

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

RMAN> list backup of spfile;

如果备份集文件不存在，那么肯定会报这个错误，另外 backuppiece 过期了，那么上面命令就会显示 spfile 或 controlfile 过期（expired），此时需要运行类似下面命令来解决问题。

RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile;

备份集有两种状态 A(Available,RMAN 认为该项存在于备份介质上)；X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）

crosscheck backup 命令的目的是检查 RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为 Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持 Available。

如果原先标记为 Expired 的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck backup 将把状态重新从 Expired 标记回 Available。

还有一种情况是从自动备份还原出现 RMAN-06172 错误。这个是因为备份集不存在了，也可以通过 list backup of xxx 查看确认。

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

2：RMAN 通道 (CHANNEL) 配置不正确

参考官方文档：Restore of controlfile autobackup using LiteSpeed (tape) fails with RMAN-06172 (文档 ID 2021758.1)

原因分析：

LiteSpeed requires a tape channel to be allocated. A disk channel will not work even though when using LiteSpeed you can see the controlfile backup on disk. If a ‘list backup of controlfile” shows the backup as on tape, a tape channel must be allocated.

LiteSpeed

需要分配一个磁带通道。即使使用 LiteSpeed，磁盘通道也不起作用，您可以在磁盘上看到控制文件备份。如果“控制文件的列表备份”将备份显示为磁带上，则必须分配磁带通道。

解决方案：

Use a run block with a tape channel allocation:

run {

allocate channel dev device type ‘sbt_tape’;

restore controlfile from ‘<full path/file name to controlfile backup>’;

release channel dev;

}

3：Media Manager 安装错误

参考官方文档 Cannot restore controlfile from RMAN backup (文档 ID 1054412.1)

解决方案：