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我这里是 RHEL6.5 的系统，因此选择 RedHat 6 x86,64bit 操作系统 — 下载第一个 RPM Bundle 即可 –MySQL-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar。
目前 MySQL8.0.11 社区版提供了多种多样的安装方式，但是并未发现针对 Linux Generic 安装包包含的 mysql_secure_installation 的安装说明。
MySQL 官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
因此这里使用推荐的 RPM 安装：
一、mysql-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 解压后有如下 7 个文件：
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 28987588 Apr 9 01:06 mysql-community-client-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 672184 Apr 9 01:06 mysql-community-common-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 4443296 Apr 9 01:06 mysql-community-devel-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2579460 Apr 9 01:06 mysql-community-libs-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1902676 Apr 9 01:06 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 395918848 Apr 9 01:07 mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 49092596 Apr 9 01:07 mysql-community-test-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
然后创建 mysql 用户：
useradd mysql
passwd mysql
二、安装顺序为：（建议装之前先把之前的 mysql 相关包全部卸载，rpm -e –nodeps < 包名 > 即可）
[root@Python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-libs ########################################### [100%]
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
file /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0 from install of mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.0.1.el6_8.x86_64
file /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.16.0.0 from install of mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.0.1.el6_8.x86_64
[root@python ~]# rpm -e –nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.0.1.el6_8.x86_64
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-libs-co########################################### [100%]
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.0 is needed by mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]
[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-devel ########################################### [100%]
^[[A[root@python ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-test-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64
– 懒的去装 perl 了，因此测试套件就不装了。
三、安装完毕后相关信息如下：
[root@python ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.11 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server – GPL)
[root@python ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7166 Apr 8 16:21 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@python ~]# ll /etc/my.cnf – 配置文件位置
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1188 Apr 8 16:21 /etc/my.cnf
默认的 datadir 是在 /var/lib/mysql/，可以通过修改 my.cnf 修改，启动命令如下：
[root@python ~]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [OK]
Starting mysqld: [OK]
四、发现没密码不能登录，于是添加 skip-grant-tables 到 my.cnf，重启进去重置密码
mysql> alter user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysql’;
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the –skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> exit
Bye
居然不能改。。。于是：
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=’root’;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysql’;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
还是不能改，查看密码复杂度要求：
mysql> show variables like ‘%pass%’;
+———————————————-+—————–+
| Variable_name | Value |
+———————————————-+—————–+
| caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys | ON |
| caching_sha2_password_private_key_path | private_key.pem |
| caching_sha2_password_public_key_path | public_key.pem |
| default_password_lifetime | 0 |
| disconnect_on_expired_password | ON |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| password_history | 0 |
| password_reuse_interval | 0 |
| report_password | |
| sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys | ON |
| sha256_password_private_key_path | private_key.pem |
| sha256_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| sha256_password_public_key_path | public_key.pem |
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
+———————————————-+—————–+
查看官网 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password.policy
发现此值有 3 个，如下所示：
于是设置为 0，然后将 validate_password.length 设置为 4，表示最少需要 4 字符。之所以设置为 4 是因为这个参数的值不能小于如下公式的计算结果：
validate_password.number_count
+ validate_password.special_char_count
+ (2 * validate_password.mixed_case_count)
于是继续创建用户，MySQL8.0 取消了直接 grant 创建用户的语法，只能先 create user 再 grant，因此创建 root 如下：
mysql> create user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysql’;
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE USER failed for ‘root’@’localhost’
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysql’;
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE USER failed for ‘root’@’localhost’
尼玛 … 什么玩意儿？
于是去逛了一圈 stackoverflow, 都说这是一个 BUG，于是操作如下：
mysql> drop user root@’localhost’; – 是的没错，虽然没有 root@’localhost’ 用户，但你还是要删一遍。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysql’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@’localhost’ with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
终于改完密码了 … 去掉参数文件的 skip-grant-tables 参数，service mysqld restart 重启服务。
五、终于设置好密码了，建一个测试用户 leo，然后尝试远程连接下吧：
$ mysql -uleo -pmysql -h192.168.1.193
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2059 (HY000): Authentication plugin ‘caching_sha2_password’ cannot be loaded: /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
我这 5.7 的 mysql 工具都连不上，这就尴尬了，查看认证相关参数：
mysql> show variables like ‘%auth%’;
+——————————-+———————–+
| Variable_name | Value |
+——————————-+———————–+
| default_authentication_plugin | caching_sha2_password |
+——————————-+———————–+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
查看官网发现此值的取值如下：
官网还说此值影响 create user 不显式指定 auth plugin 时密码的默认加密算法，卧槽 … 那岂不是说我之前创建的 leo 用户使用的是默认的 caching_sha2_password 认证，查看一下：
mysql> select user,host,plugin from mysql.user;
+——————+———–+———————–+
| user | host | plugin |
+——————+———–+———————–+
| leo | % | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.session | localhost | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.sys | localhost | mysql_native_password |
| root | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
+——————+———–+———————–+
完了，全 TM 完了 ……
显然不能直接 update plugin，因为这可能导致加密的密码无法被正确解密，你所有的密码都会变异，因此除 root@’localhost’ 外全部删掉重建。
首先需要在 my.cnf 里添加：default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password，然后 service mysqld restart 重启服务：
mysql> drop user leo;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user leo identified by ‘mysql’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to leo;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
$mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.20, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
$ mysql -uleo -pmysql -h192.168.1.193
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server – GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
至此远程连接正常。
