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一. 准备工作
1 删除本地 CentOS7 中的 mariadb：
查看系统中是否已安装 mariadb 服务：
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
或
yum list installed | grep mariadb
如果已安装则删除 mariadb 及其依赖的包：
yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
关闭防火墙：
firewall-cmd –state #查看防火墙状态
systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service;echo $? #查看防火墙是否开机自启
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火墙开机启动
MySQL 依赖于 libaio 库，安装 libaio
yum search libaio
yum install libaio
2. 下载安装包
mkdir /data
cd /data/
yum -y install wget
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3. 解压、重命名
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data
mv /data/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /data/mysql57
mkdir mysql #数据目录与安装目录分离，便于以后 MySQL 升级
二. 安装 MySQL
1. 添加用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -g mysql
2. 配置文件
/etc/my.cnf
主要参数及取值如下：
（相关取值，请根据实际环境做调整，如内存配置参数等）
| ####### | |
| [client] | |
| socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock | |
| default-character-set=utf8mb4 | |
| #loose-local-infile=0 | |
| [mysqld] | |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 | |
| secure_file_priv='/tmp' | |
| ########dir settings######## | |
| basedir = /data/mysql57 | |
| datadir = /data/mysql/data | |
| pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid | |
| socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock | |
| tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp | |
| log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql-bin | |
| log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.err | |
| general_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.genlog | |
| slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql_slow_new.log | |
| relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql_log/relay.log | |
| ########server setting####### | |
| #sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" | |
| server-id = 2022 | |
| port = 3306 | |
| character-set-server=utf8mb4 | |
| collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci | |
| lower_case_table_names = 0 | |
| skip_name_resolve = 1 | |
| #max_connect_errors = 1000 | |
| max_connections = 2000 | |
| thread_cache_size=256 | |
| #thread_stack= 262144 | |
| #back_log=80 | |
| max_allowed_packet = 134217728 | |
| event_scheduler = 1 | |
| local-infile=0 | |
| # lower_case_table_names = 1 | |
| explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 | |
| expire_logs_days = 15 | |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators =1 | |
| ####.frm/.ibd files qty related | |
| open_files_limit=65535 | |
| innodb_open_files=65535 | |
| table_open_cache=65535 | |
| table_definition_cache=65535 | |
| #### seesion buffer related | |
| read_buffer_size = 262144 | |
| read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288 | |
| sort_buffer_size = 8388608 | |
| join_buffer_size = 8388608 | |
| ####memory table size | |
| tmp_table_size =67108864 | |
| max_heap_table_size=67108864 | |
| ####timeout | |
| interactive_timeout = 1800 | |
| wait_timeout = 1800 | |
| # connect_timeout=10 | |
| ########slow query ######## | |
| slow_query_log = 1 | |
| log_slow_slave_statements = 1 | |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 | |
| log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 | |
| long_query_time = 1 | |
| #min_examined_row_limit = 10000 | |
| ########innodb settings######## | |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size = 193273528320 | |
| innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16 | |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40 | |
| innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048 | |
| innodb_page_cleaners = 16 | |
| #innodb_purge_threads = 4 | |
| innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864 | |
| #innodb_file_per_table = 1 | |
| #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 | |
| innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 | |
| innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 | |
| innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648 | |
| innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 | |
| innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824 | |
| innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 | |
| innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216 | |
| innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT | |
| innodb_flush_neighbors = 0 | |
| innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 | |
| innodb_strict_mode = 1 | |
| #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 | |
| innodb_io_capacity = 32768 | |
| innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536 | |
| innodb_thread_concurrency = 32 | |
| innodb_write_io_threads = 8 | |
| innodb_read_io_threads = 8 | |
| ########replication settings######## | |
| master_info_repository = TABLE | |
| relay_log_info_repository = TABLE | |
| gtid_mode = on | |
| enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 | |
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 | |
| relay_log_recovery = 1 | |
| slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK | |
| slave-parallel-workers = 16 | |
| slave_transaction_retries=128 | |
| slave_preserve_commit_order=1 | |
| log_slave_updates=1 | |
| binlog_format = ROW | |
| log_timestamps=system | |
| binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1 | |
| binlog_row_image='full' | |
| slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors | |
| ########semi sync replication settings######## | |
| ##plugin_dir=/data/mysql/plugin/ | |
| #plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" | |
| #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 | |
| #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 | |
| #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 | |
| [mysqldump] | |
| quick |
说明：
请一定记得上面 配置模板文件中的 server-id 参数一定要修改。
否则在配置 主从复制，或者 MHA 时会报错。
例如错误信息：
2018-10-09T16:13:53.205115+08:00 11 [ERROR] [MY-013117] [Repl] Slave I/O for channel ”: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the –replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it). Error_code: MY-013117
3. 创建目录并授权
cd /data/mysql
mkdir mysql_log
chown -R mysql.mysql mysql_log/
mkdir tmp
chown -R mysql.mysql tmp/
说明：
有时候，可能我们只是将 MYSQL 的二进制文件从其它的服务器 Copy 至本地。
例如我们在安装 MYSQL8.0 时，安装文件从其它的服务，Copy 到本地，文件命名为 mysql80。如下图：
此时还需要执行以下权限，所以 我手动增加了一下权限，执行代码如下：
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql80/bin/
4. 初始化 MySQL
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql/data
说明：
主参数 –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 必须紧接在 mysqld 后面，如果做第二个以后的参数加入时，则会出现报错：
[ERROR] unknown variable ‘defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf’！
注意密码：5.7 初始化后会生成一个临时密码，存在 mysql.err
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XXXXXXXX
也就是 root@localhost: 后的字符串。
5. 添加到 MySQL 启动脚本到系统服务, 并且设置开启启动
cp -a /data/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
设置开机启动和检查是否成功
| chkconfig mysqld on | |
| chkconfig --list | grep mysqld |
6. 创建 mysql 软链接至 /usr/bin 下
ln -s /data/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin
7. 启动 MySQL 服务
service mysqld start
说明：
如果还是使用的 Copy 文件的方式，例如我们前面 Copy 的 mysql80 二进制文件， 此处就会报错：
此时 还要执行以下赋权命令：
chmod -R 755 ./mysql.server（这个文件是 /data/mysql80/support-files）
和
chmod -R 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
8. 登录 MySQL，修改 root 密码
| mysql -uroot -pXXXXXXX | |
| set password=password('XXXXXXX2'); |
说明：
MySQL 8.0 是报错的：
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘password(‘XXXXX’)’ at line 1
在登录 MySQL，修改 root 密码时，使用就方法 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(‘[ 新密码]’) 报错。
查看网上的相关解释为：
以前版本的 MySQL 的密码认证插件是“mysql_native_password”，而现在使用的是“caching_sha2_password”。
解决方案：
ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘ 新密码 ’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
：
