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MySQL 中有很多的基本命令，show 命令也是其中之一，在很多使用者中对 show 命令的使用还容易产生混淆，本文汇集了 show 命令的众多用法。show 命令可以提供关于数据库、表、列，或关于服务器的状态信息。
# 总结
# 显示二进制文件以及文件大小（需要开启二进制日志记录功能）
SHOW {BINARY | MASTER} LOGS
# 显示二进制文件的执行过程
SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN ‘log_name’] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
# 显示 MySQL 当前支持哪些字符集
SHOW CHARACTER SET [like_or_where]
# 显示 MySQL 支持字符集的排序规则
SHOW COLLATION [like_or_where]
# 显示表的列信息（等同于 DESC，需要先创建表）
SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]
# 显示已经创建的库，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name
# 显示已经创建的事件，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE EVENT event_name
# 显示已经创建的函数，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE FUNCTION func_name
# 显示已经创建的存储过程，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name
# 显示已经创建的表，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name
# 显示已经创建的触发器，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
# 显示已经创建的视图，创建时的语句
SHOW CREATE VIEW view_name
# 显示 mysql 中所有数据库的名称
SHOW DATABASES [like_or_where]
# 显示存储引擎的详细信息
SHOW ENGINE engine_name {STATUS | MUTEX}
# 显示数据库支持的存储引擎和默认存储引擎
SHOW [STORAGE] ENGINES
# 显示最后一个执行语句所产生的错误信息
SHOW ERRORS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
# 显示事件信息
SHOW EVENTS
# 服务器内部调试，显示一个指定存储的内部实现的表示形式过程
SHOW FUNCTION CODE func_name
# 显示存储函数信息（需要先创建存储函数）
SHOW FUNCTION STATUS [like_or_where]
# 显示指定用户拥有的权限
SHOW GRANTS FOR user
# 显示表索引信息（需要先创建索引）
SHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name]
# 显示 Master 当前正在使用的二进制信息
SHOW MASTER STATUS
# 列举在表缓存中当前被打开的非 TEMPORARY 表
SHOW OPEN TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]
# 显示 MySQL 插件信息
SHOW PLUGINS
# 服务器内部调试，显示一个指定存储的内部实现的表示形式过程
SHOW PROCEDURE CODE proc_name
# 显示存储过程信息（需要先创建存储过程）
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]
# 显示 MySQL 所支持的所有权限，及权限可操作的对象
SHOW PRIVILEGES
# 显示系统中正在运行的所有进程，普通用户只能查看自己的进行信息
SHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST
# 显示当前会话执行语句资源使用情况
SHOW PROFILE [types] [FOR QUERY n] [OFFSET n] [LIMIT n]
# 显示当前会话执行语句资源使用情况
SHOW PROFILES
# 显示 relaylog 事件信息（需要先做主从复制）
SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS [IN ‘log_name’] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
# 显示 Master 主机上已注册的复制主机列表（需要先做主从复制）
SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
# 显示 Slave 主机状态信息（需要先做主从复制）
SHOW SLAVE STATUS [FOR CHANNEL channel]
# 显示 MySQL 状态信息
SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [like_or_where]
# 显示表属性信息
SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]
# 显示当前数据库中所有表的名称
SHOW [FULL] TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]
# 显示触发器信息（需要先创建触发器）
SHOW TRIGGERS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]
# 显示 MySQL 变量信息
SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES [like_or_where]
# 显示最后一个执行语句所产生的警告信息
SHOW WARNINGS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
# 实例
显示建表建库语句
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| pubmmrpg |
| student |
| sys |
+——————–+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE MYSQL;
+———-+—————————————————————-+
| Database | Create Database |
+———-+—————————————————————-+
| MYSQL | CREATE DATABASE `MYSQL` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+———-+—————————————————————-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> USE mysql;
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+—————————+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+—————————+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| engine_cost |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| gtid_executed |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| server_cost |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+—————————+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE mysql.user\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ”,
`User` char(32) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ”,
`Select_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Insert_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Update_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Delete_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Drop_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Reload_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Shutdown_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Process_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`File_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Grant_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`References_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Index_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Alter_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Show_db_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Super_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_tmp_table_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Lock_tables_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Execute_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Repl_slave_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Repl_client_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_view_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Show_view_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_routine_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Alter_routine_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_user_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Event_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Trigger_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`Create_tablespace_priv` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`ssl_type` enum(”,’ANY’,’X509′,’SPECIFIED’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ”,
`ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
`max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’,
`max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’,
`max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’,
`max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’,
`plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘mysql_native_password’,
`authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
`password_expired` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
`password_last_changed` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`password_lifetime` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`account_locked` enum(‘N’,’Y’) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N’,
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT=’Users and global privileges’
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM user;
+————————+———————————–+——+—–+———————–+——-+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+————————+———————————–+——+—–+———————–+——-+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum(”,’ANY’,’X509′,’SPECIFIED’) | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | NO | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
| password_last_changed | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| password_lifetime | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| account_locked | enum(‘N’,’Y’) | NO | | N | |
+————————+———————————–+——+—–+———————–+——-+
45 rows in set (0.01 sec)
显示二进制文件相关
mysql> SHOW MASTER LOGS;
+——————+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+——————+———–+
| mysql-bin.002022 | 817345 |
| mysql-bin.002023 | 817932 |
| mysql-bin.002024 | 816758 |
| mysql-bin.002025 | 664678 |
+——————+———–+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+——————+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+——————+———–+
| mysql-bin.002022 | 817345 |
| mysql-bin.002023 | 817932 |
| mysql-bin.002024 | 816758 |
| mysql-bin.002025 | 665265 |
+——————+———–+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
显示主从相关
mysql> SHOW SLAVE HOSTS;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS limit 10;
+——————–+—–+—————-+————+————-+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+——————–+—–+—————-+————+————-+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+
| slave-relay.001351 | 4 | Format_desc | 1339158577 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.20-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| slave-relay.001351 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1339158577 | 194 | 4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4:1-3111622 |
| slave-relay.001351 | 194 | Rotate | 2241191473 | 0 | mysql-bin.001063;pos=4 |
| slave-relay.001351 | 241 | Format_desc | 2241191473 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.20-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| slave-relay.001351 | 360 | Rotate | 0 | 407 | mysql-bin.001063;pos=234 |
| slave-relay.001351 | 407 | Gtid | 2241191473 | 299 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4:3111623’ |
| slave-relay.001351 | 472 | Query | 2241191473 | 539 | /* rds internal mark */ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mysql.ha_health_check (
id BIGINT DEFAULT 0,
type CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘0’,
PRIMARY KEY (type)
)
ENGINE = InnoDB |
| slave-relay.001351 | 712 | Gtid | 2241191473 | 604 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4:3111624’ |
| slave-relay.001351 | 777 | Query | 2241191473 | 672 | BEGIN |
| slave-relay.001351 | 845 | Table_map | 2241191473 | 734 | table_id: 81659 (mysql.ha_health_check) |
+——————–+—–+—————-+————+————-+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.120.26
Master_User: replicator
Master_Port: 3069
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.001063
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3564725
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay.001352
Relay_Log_Pos: 844419
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.001063
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3564725
Relay_Log_Space: 3565260
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2241191473
Master_UUID: 4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Gtid:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4:1-3119404
Executed_Gtid_Set: 3c09db04-c2fa-11e8-b5cc-506b4bff2084:1-2275307,
4941480b-c2fa-11e8-850c-506b4bbe1cf4:1-3119404
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
显示字符集变量相关
mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+———-+———————————+———————+——–+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+———-+———————————+———————+——–+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
+———-+———————————+———————+——–+
41 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;
+————————–+—————————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+————————–+—————————-+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+————————–+—————————-+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示用户权限相关
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR test;
+——————————————-+
| Grants for test@% |
+——————————————-+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘test’@’%’ |
+——————————————-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
显示运行进程
mysql> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+—-+——+———–+——-+———+——+———-+——————+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+—-+——+———–+——-+———+——+———-+——————+
| 6 | root | localhost | mysql | Query | 0 | starting | SHOW PROCESSLIST |
+—-+——+———–+——-+———+——+———-+——————+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
：
