TCP编程

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一、客户端与服务端通信流程

二、客户端与服务端通信代码

服务端 (server.py)

import socket

# 1、创建 socket
# 参数 1：选择使用 ip 类型，AF_INET 代表 ipv4，AF_INET6 表示 ipv6
# 参数 2：选择协议，SOCK_STREAM 表示 TCP 协议 
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 2、绑定 
# 参数是一个元组，元组的第一个元素为服务器本机 IP，第二个元素为端口号，建议使用 8000（8000 以下的好多都是被其他程序所占用）以上的端口，最大使用到 65535
server.bind(("10.0.128.226", 8000))


# 3、监听：设置最大连接数 
server.listen(40)


# 4、
while 1:
    print("等待客户端连接……")
    # 两个返回值，第一个返回值为连接的客户端的唯一标识，第二个返回值为客户端的 ip 地址 
    clientSocket, clientAddr = server.accept()
    print("连接成功……")
    print(clientSocket)
    print(clientAddr)
    # 接收数据 
    data = clientSocket.recv(1024)
    print("%s 说：%s"%(clientAddr[0], data.decode("utf-8")))

    # 响应数据 
    clientSocket.send("You are right!".encode("utf-8"))

客户端 (client.py)

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 参数是一个元组，元组的第一个元素为服务器所在机器的 IP，第二个元素为端口号，为要连接的服务器开放的端口 
client.connect(("10.0.128.226", 8000))

# 发送数据 
client.send("zutuanxue_com is a good man".encode("utf-8"))

data = client.recv(1024)
print("服务器说：%s"%(data.decode("utf-8")))

三、基于 TCP 实现聊天软件

• 服务器

  main.py

  from server import Server
  from db import Db
  
  def main():
      Db()
  
      server = Server(4, "TCP", "192.168.1.31", 8081, 10)
      server.start()
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      main()
  

  server.py

  import socket
  from interaction_thread import InteractionThread
  
  def single(cls):
      instance = {}
      def inner(*args, **kwargs):
          if cls not in instance:
              instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
          return instance[cls]
      return inner
  
  @single
  class Server(object):
      def __init__(self, ip4or6, protocol, ip, port, num):
          if ip4or6 == 4:
              self.ip4or6 = socket.AF_INET
          else:
              self.ip4or6 = socket.AF_INET6
          if protocol.upper() == "TCP":
              self.protocol = socket.SOCK_STREAM
          else:
              self.protocol = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
          self.socket = None
          self.ip = ip
          self.port = port
          self.num = num
      def start(self):
          self.socket = socket.socket(self.ip4or6, self.protocol)
          self.socket.bind((self.ip, self.port))
          self.socket.listen(self.num)
  
          while True:
              clientSocket, clientAddr = self.socket.accept()
              print("用户 %s 连接成功" % (clientAddr[0]))
              # 为每个用户开启一个线程，和用户进行交互 
              InteractionThread(clientSocket, clientAddr).start()
  

  user.py

  class User(object):
      def __init__(self, account, passwd, name, clientSocket=None):
          self.account = account
          self.passwd = passwd
          self.name = name
          self.clientSocket = clientSocket
          self.friendsDict = {}  # account:user
          self.friendsFlag = {}  # account:1/0
  

  db.py

  def single(cls):
      instance = {}
      def inner(*args, **kwargs):
          if cls not in instance:
              instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
          return instance[cls]
      return inner
  
  @single
  class Db(object):
      def __init__(self):
          self.users = {} # account:user
  

  interaction_thread.py

  import threading
  from db import Db
  from user import User
  
  class InteractionThread(threading.Thread):
      def __init__(self, clientSocket, clientAddr):
          super().__init__()
          self.clientSocket = clientSocket
          self.clientAddr = clientAddr
          self.myself = None
  
      def run(self):
          db = Db()
  
          while True:
              data = self.clientSocket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
              print("服务器收到 %s 的 %s 信息"%(self.clientAddr[0], data))
              dataArr = data.split("#")
              flag = dataArr[0]
  
              if flag == "register":
                  if len(dataArr) != 4:
                      self.clientSocket.send("注册时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  user = db.users.get(account)
                  if user:
                      self.clientSocket.send("账号存在，注册失败".encode("utf-8"))
                  else:
                      user = User(account, dataArr[2], dataArr[3])
                      db.users[account] = user
                      self.clientSocket.send("注册成功".encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "login":
                  if len(dataArr) != 3:
                      self.clientSocket.send("登陆时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  user = db.users.get(account)
                  if user:
                      if user.passwd == dataArr[2]:
                          # 给账号的 clientSocket 属性赋值 
                          user.clientSocket = self.clientSocket
                          self.clientSocket.send("登陆成功".encode("utf-8"))
                          self.myself = user
                      else:
                          self.clientSocket.send("密码错误，登陆失败".encode("utf-8"))
                  else:
                      self.clientSocket.send("账号不存在，登陆失败".encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "talk":
                  if len(dataArr) != 2:
                      self.clientSocket.send("群聊时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  # 自己未登录 
                  if not self.myself:
                      self.clientSocket.send("未登录，请登录后操作".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  for account in db.users:
                      user = db.users.get(account)
                      if (not user.clientSocket) or account == self.myself.account:
                          continue
                      # xxx 说 (群聊)：xxxxxxxxxx
                      info = "%s[%s] 说 (群聊)：%s" % (self.myself.name, self.myself.account, dataArr[1])
                      user.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "quite":
                  if len(dataArr) != 2:
                      self.clientSocket.send("退出时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  if account == self.myself.account:
                      db.users.get(account).clientSocket = None
                      self.myself = None
                      self.clientSocket.send("成功退出".encode("utf-8"))
                  else:
                      self.clientSocket.send("只能退出自己的账号，退出失败".encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "add":
                  if len(dataArr) != 2:
                      self.clientSocket.send("添加好友时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  user = db.users.get(account)
                  if user:
                      friend = self.myself.friendsDict.get(account)
                      if friend:
                          self.clientSocket.send("该用户已是好友".encode("utf-8"))
                      else:
                          # 对方成为我的好友 
                          self.myself.friendsDict[account] = user
                          self.myself.friendsFlag[account] = 1
                          self.clientSocket.send("好友添加成功".encode("utf-8"))
  
                          # 把我添加到对方的好友列表 
                          user.friendsDict[self.myself.account] = self.myself
                          # 但是对方未验证 
                          user.friendsFlag[self.myself.account] = 0
  
                          # 告诉对方 
                          info = "%s[%s] 添加你为好友" % (self.myself.name, self.myself.account)
                          user.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
                  else:
                      self.clientSocket.send("账号不存在，添加好友失败".encode("utf-8"))
              elif flag == "check":
                  if len(dataArr) != 3:
                      self.clientSocket.send("验证好友时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
                  friendAccount = dataArr[1]
                  friend = self.myself.friendsDict.get(friendAccount)
                  flag = dataArr[2]
                  if flag == "yes":
                      self.myself.friendsFlag[friendAccount] = 1
                      # 告诉对方 
                      info = "%s[%s] 已同意添加好友请求"%(self.myself.name, self.myself.account)
                      friend.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
                  elif flag == "no":
                      friend.friendsDict.pop(self.myself.account)
                      friend.friendsFlag.pop(self.myself.account)
                      self.myself.friendsDict.pop(friendAccount)
                      self.myself.friendsFlag.pop(friendAccount)
                      info = "%s[%s] 已拒绝添加好友请求" % (self.myself.name, self.myself.account)
                      friend.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "say":
                  if len(dataArr) != 3:
                      self.clientSocket.send("私聊时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
  
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  friend = db.users.get(account)
  
                  # 验证对方是否添加你为好友 
                  if friend.friendsFlag[self.myself.account] == 1:
                      info = "%s[%s] 说 (私聊)：%s" % (self.myself.name, self.myself.account, dataArr[2])
                      friend.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
                  else:
                      self.clientSocket.send("对方未添加你为好友".encode("utf-8"))
  
              elif flag == "del":
                  if len(dataArr) != 2:
                      self.clientSocket.send("删除好友时输入有误".encode("utf-8"))
                      continue
  
                  account = dataArr[1]
                  friend = db.users.get(account)
                  friend.friendsDict.pop(self.myself.account)
                  friend.friendsFlag.pop(self.myself.account)
                  self.myself.friendsDict.pop(account)
                  self.myself.friendsFlag.pop(account)
  
                  info = "%s[%s] 将你删除好友"%(self.myself.name, self.myself.account)
                  friend.clientSocket.send(info.encode("utf-8"))
  

• 客户端

  main.py

  from client import Client
  from send_thread import SendThread
  

from recv_thread import RecvThread

def main():
c = Client(4,“TCP”,“192.168.1.31”, 8081)
c.start()

  # 启动发送线程
	sth = SendThread(c)
  sth.start()

	# 启动接收线程
	rth = RecvThread(c)
	rth.start()

	# 等待发送与接收线程的结束
	sth.join()
	rth.join()

if name ==“main”:
main()

client.py

```python
import socket
  
def single(cls):
    instance = {}
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in instance:
            instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return instance[cls]
    return inner
  
@single
class Client(object):
    def __init__(self, ip4or6, protocol, ip, port):
        if ip4or6 == 4:
            self.ip4or6 = socket.AF_INET
        else:
            self.ip4or6 = socket.AF_INET6
        if protocol.upper() == "TCP":
            self.protocol = socket.SOCK_STREAM
        else:
            self.protocol = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
        self.socket = None
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port
    def start(self):
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.ip4or6, self.protocol)
        self.socket.connect((self.ip, self.port))

send_thread.py

  import threading
  
  class SendThread(threading.Thread):
      def __init__(self, client):
          super().__init__()
          self.client = client
  
      def run(self):
          while True:
              # 注册         register#account#passwd#name
              # 登陆         login#account#passwd
              # 群聊         talk#data
              # 退出登录      quite#account
              # 添加好友      add#account
              # 验证好友添加  check#account#yes/no
              # 与好友私聊    say#account#data
              # 删除好友      del#account
  
              # register#a#1#zutuanxue_com
              # register#b#2#kaige
              # register#c#3#kaishen
              # talk#zutuanxue_com is a good man
              # login#a#1
              # login#b#2
              # login#c#3
              # quite#c
              # add#b   check#a#yes
              # add#c   check#b#no
              # say#b#zutuanxue_com is a good man
              # say#a#zutuanxue_com is a good man
              # say#c#zutuanxue_com is a good man
              # del#b
              data = input()
              self.client.socket.send(data.encode("utf-8"))

recv_thread.py

import threading
  
class RecvThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, client):
        super().__init__()
        self.client = client
    def run(self):
        while True:
            print(self.client.socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))