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SpringMVC文件上传

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1、文件上传的需求

1.1、注意事项

1.1.1、enctype 取值

enctype 取值必须是:multipart/form-data

1.1.2、method

method 取值必须是:post

1.1.3、file 组件

要有一个 file 组件:

<input type="file"/>

1.2、第三方组件上传

commons-fileupload.jar\commons-io.jar

2、文件上传操作(准备)

2.1、需求

完成在同一服务器中的文件上传,并完成上传后的页面切换。

2.2、新建 maven 项目

通过 maven 创建一个新项目 smvc003

2.3、导包

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.tyschool</groupId> <artifactId>smvc003</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>smvc003 Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>smvc003</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>

2.4、配置 springmvc.xml 文件

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd "> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 配置扫描器,扫描注解 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.tyschool.smvc002"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器,配置前缀和后缀 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>

2.5、配置 web.xml 文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- 配置 SpringMVC 核心, 前置控制器 DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVCDispathcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 配置初始化参数,用来读取 springmvc.xml 文件 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 配置 servlet 的对象的创建时间点:应用加载时创建。取值只能是非 0 正整数,表示启动顺序 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- 前置控制器,映射所有地址 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVCDispathcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

2.6、启动服务

启动服务、配置服务

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

3、文件上传操作(开发)

3.1、编写页面

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title> 上传页面 </title> </head> <body> <form action="fileUp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 名称:<input type="text" name="fname"/><br/> 图片:<input type="file" name="upfile"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="上传"/> </form> </body> </html>

3.2、加入 servlet.jar

后面我们要接收 HttpServletRequest 对象

<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>

3.2、编写控制器

FileUpController.java

package com.tyschool.smvc003.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.File; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.UUID; @Controller("fileUpController") public class FileUpController {@RequestMapping("/fileUp") public String upFile(String fname, MultipartFile upfile, HttpServletRequest request)throws Exception {// 定义文件名 String fileName = ""; //1. 获取原始文件名 String uploadFileName = upfile.getOriginalFilename(); //2. 截取文件扩展名 String extendName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".")+1, uploadFileName.length()); //3. 把文件加上随机数,防止文件重复 String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").toUpperCase(); //4. 判断是否输入了文件名 if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(fname)) {fileName = uuid+"_"+fname+"."+extendName; }else {fileName = uuid+"_"+uploadFileName; } System.out.println(fileName); //2. 获取文件路径 ServletContext context = request.getServletContext(); String basePath = context.getRealPath("/uploads"); //3. 解决同一文件夹中文件过多问题 String datePath = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date()); //4. 判断路径是否存在 File file = new File(basePath+"/"+datePath); if(!file.exists()) {file.mkdirs(); } //5. 使用 MulitpartFile 接口中方法,把上传的文件写到指定位置 upfile.transferTo(new File(file,fileName)); return "success"; } }

3.3、配置文件解析器

<!-- 配置文件解析器 --> <!-- id 的值是固定的 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为 5MB --> <property name="maxUploadSize"> <value>5242880</value></property> </bean>

3.4、启动服务完成上传

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

4、文件上传操作(跨服务器上传准备)

4.1、需求

用一个专门的服务器来处理我们上传的文件。将我们的应用程序和上传文件分开为二个服务器。

实际开发中,我们不同的服务器处理不同的业务。比如:

应用服务器:部署项目应用

数据库服务器:运行数据库

nosql 服务器:处理缓存和消息队列

文件服务器:处理图片、声音、视频等各种文件

每个服务器都独立的去完成各自独有的操作。所以,我们在开发的时候,我们就需要将我们的文件上传到不同的服务器。分服务器的目的其实就是为了提高我们项目的管理和执行效率。

4.2、应用逻辑图

SpringMVC 文件上传

4.3、创建服务器端 WEB 项目

4.3.1、创建一个新项目

maven 创建一个新项目 fileuploads

4.3.2、导入对应的 jar 包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.tyschool</groupId> <artifactId>fileuploads</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>fileuploads Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.sun.jersey/jersey-client --> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId> <version>1.19</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-core</artifactId> <version>1.19</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>fileuploads</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>

4.3.3、配置 Tomcat 服务器

在 /conf/web.xml 中加入配置

<servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>         <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>         <init-param>             <param-name>debug</param-name>             <param-value>0</param-value>         </init-param>     <init-param>             <param-name>readonly</param-name>             <param-value>false</param-value>         </init-param>         <init-param>             <param-name>listings</param-name>             <param-value>false</param-value>         </init-param>         <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet>

4.3.4、打成 war 包

项目打成 war 包,放入 tomcat

powershell

scp C:\Users\ww\IdeaProjects\smvc003\target\smvc003.war root@192.168.1.123:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps

4.3.5、启动 tomcat

http://192.168.1.123:8080/fileuploads/

5、文件上传操作(跨服务器上传开发)

5.1、编写页面

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title> 上传页面 </title> </head> <body> <form action="fileUp1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 名称:<input type="text" name="fname"/><br/> 图片:<input type="file" name="upfile"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="上传"/> </form> </body> </html>

5.2、编写控制器

FileUpTwoController.java

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client; import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import java.util.UUID; @Controller("fileUpTwoController") public class FileUpTwoController {public static final String FILESERVERURL = "http://192.168.1.123:8080/fileuploads/uploads/"; /** * 文件上传,保存文件到不同服务器 */ @RequestMapping("/fileUpload2") public String testResponseJson(String fname, MultipartFile upfile) throws Exception {// 定义文件名 String fileName = ""; //1. 获取原始文件名 String uploadFileName = upfile.getOriginalFilename(); //2. 截取文件扩展名 String extendName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1, uploadFileName.length()); //3. 把文件加上随机数,防止文件重复 String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").toUpperCase(); //4. 判断是否输入了文件名 if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(fname)) {fileName = uuid + "_" + fname + "." + extendName; } else {fileName = uuid + "_" + uploadFileName; } System.out.println(fileName); //5. 创建 sun 公司提供的 jersey 包中的 Client 对象 Client client = Client.create(); //6. 指定上传文件的地址,该地址是 web 路径 WebResource resource = client.resource(FILESERVERURL + fileName); //7. 实现上传 String result = resource.put(String.class, upfile.getBytes()); System.out.println(result); return "success"; } }

5.3、启动服务测试

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

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