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Kubernetes 集群高可用

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一、Kubernetes 集群高可用

下载链接:

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1U3UWaZSA5b5bf3QnR_XZGw 密码:2flw

1.1、环境准备

准备好五台虚拟机分别做为 master、master-1、master-2、node-1、node-2

虚拟机硬件配置:

​master-1:2CPU、2G

​master-2:2CPU、2G

master-3:2CPU、2G

​node-1:2CPU、2G

node-2:2CPU、2G

网络配置:

​master-1:192.168.1.160

​master-2:192.168.1.161

master-3:192.168.1.162

node-1:192.168.1.163

node-2:192.168.1.164

操作系统:

​Centos-8.1 最小化安装

主机名设置:

​hostnamectl set-hostname zutuanxue-master-1

​hostnamectl set-hostname zutuanxue-master-2

hostnamectl set-hostname zutuanxue-master-3

hostnamectl set-hostname zutuanxue-node-1

​hostnamectl set-hostname zutuanxue-node-2

设置 Hosts 文件的相互解析:

​vim /etc/hosts

192.168.1.160 zutuanxue-master-1

​192.168.1.161 zutuanxue-master-2

192.168.1.162 zutuanxue-master-3

192.168.1.163 zutuanxue-node-1

192.168.1.164 zutuanxue-node-2

​192.168.1.170 zutuanxue-master-vip

1.2、操作系统初始化 (所有节点)

关闭 swap:swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab 关闭 Selinux:setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config 关闭 firewalld:systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld 重置 Iptables 并设置空规则:yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save 关闭不需要的服务:systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix

1.3、配置网络源 (所有节点)

yum 源:wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo repo 源:yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 将 repo 配置中的地址替换为阿里云镜像站地址:sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* docker 源:yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo kubernetes 源:cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF

1.4、操作系统环境优化 (所有节点)

11、安装依赖包:yum -y makecache && yum -y update yum -y install conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget vim-enhanced lrzsz net-tools git net-tools psmisc bash-completion yum-utils.noarch nmap bind-utils 12、设置系统时区:中国 / 上海 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai 13、将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟:timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 14、重启依赖于系统时间的服务:systemctl restart rsyslog systemctl restart crond

1.5、针对 Kubernetes 调整内核参数 (所有节点)

cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0 vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空间,只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它 vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用 vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启 OOM fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576 fs.file-max=52706963 fs.nr_open=52706963 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720 EOF cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

1.6、设置 rsyslogd 和 systemd journald (所有节点)

mkdir /var/log/journal # 持久化保存日志的目录 mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF [Journal] Storage=persistent # 持久化保存到磁盘 Compress=yes # 压缩历史日志 SyncIntervalSec=5m # 写入硬盘间隔 RateLimitInterval=30s # 限制日志的生成速率 - 时间段内 RateLimitBurst=1000 # 限制日志的生成速率 - 每个服务最多允许产生的日志数量(条数) SystemMaxUse=10G # 最大占用空间 10G SystemMaxFileSize=200M # 单日志文件最大 200M MaxRetentionSec=2week # 日志保存时间 2 周 ForwardToSyslog=no # 不将日志转发到 syslog EOF systemctl restart systemd-journald

1.7、关闭 NUMA (所有节点)

cp /etc/default/grub{,.bak} vim /etc/default/grub # 在 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 一行添加 `numa=off` 参数,如下所示:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet numa=off" cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg{,.bak} grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

1.8、设置 kube-proxy 开启 ipvs 的前置条件 (所有节点)

modprobe br_netfilter cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF #!/bin/bash modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 EOF chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

1.9、安装 Docker 软件 (所有节点)

yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum -y install https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.6-3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm yum -y install docker-ce mkdir /etc/docker 创建 /etc/docker 目录 touch /etc/docker/daemon.json 配置 daemon:cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF {"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "registry-mirrors": ["https://v16stybc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": {"max-size": "100m" } } EOF mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker

1.10、启动 Haproxy 与 Keepalived 容器 (在主节点)

mkdir /opt/test cd /opt/test 将我们的镜像等文件上传到该目录 导入镜像: docker load -i haproxy.tar.gz docker load -i keepalived.tar tar zxvf start.keep.tar.gz mv data / cd /data/lb ls # etc start-haproxy.sh start-keepalived.sh vim etc/haproxy.cfg 在文件底部修改相关参数: server rancher01 192.168.1.160:6443 # server rancher02 192.168.1.161:6443 # server rancher03 192.168.1.162:6443 # 为了避免将主 Master 初始化为其他的节点 全部操作完成之前,先不写从节点 IP 地址。 vim start-haproxy.sh 在文件开头修改相关参数 MasterIP1=192.168.1.160 MasterIP2=192.168.1.161 MasterIP3=192.168.1.162 ./start-haproxy.sh netstat -anpt | grep 6444 # tcp6 0 0 :::6444 :::* LISTEN 32525/docker-proxy vim start-keepalived.sh 修改网卡等相关信息 VIRTUAL_IP=192.168.1.170 INTERFACE=ens160 ./start-keepalived.sh ip addr show ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether fa:16:3e:c0:d5:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.160/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.1.170/24 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1.11、安装 Kubeadm (在主节点)

yum -y install kubeadm-1.18.1 kubectl-1.18.1 kubelet-1.18.1

systemctl enable kubelet.service

1.12、初始化 Master 节点 (主节点)

kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml 进行如下修改:localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 192.168.1.160 ··· controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.1.170:6444" ··· kubernetesVersion: v1.18.1 ··· networking: podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration featureGates: SupportIPVSProxyMode: true mode: ipvs

完整配置如下:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 192.168.1.160 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock name: zutuanxue-master-1 taints: - effect: NoSchedule key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.1.170:6444" controllerManager: {} dns: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.18.1 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 scheduler: {} --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration featureGates: SupportIPVSProxyMode: true mode: ipvs

1.13、安装配置集群 (主节点)

安装 Master: kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 安装 flannel 网络:wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

Kubernetes 集群高可用

1.14、将从节点加入集群

#---------------------Master 节点使用下面这条命令加入集群 ------------------------------# kubeadm join 192.168.1.170:6444 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ec36d9832497453d5297e86f13928a3374e831da8861372f2086ea79c000bad7 \ --control-plane --certificate-key 80847d457d198a8ce1483817e11de8a472ff68b94410db2574e55c2f56f1b7be #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------# #------------------------Node 节点使用下面这条命令加入集群 ------------------------------# kubeadm join 192.168.1.170:6444 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ec36d9832497453d5297e86f13928a3374e831da8861372f2086ea79c000bad7 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 在主服务器上将 /data 推送到从服务器上: scp -r /data root@192.168.1.161:/ scp -r /data root@192.168.1.162:/ 分别在每台从服务器上执行下列命令 cd /data/lb ./start-haproxy.sh ./start-keepalived.sh yum -y install kubeadm-1.18.1 kubectl-1.18.1 kubelet-1.18.1 systemctl enable kubelet.service # 注意,不要执行错命令,千万别复制成 Node 加入集群的命令在辅服务器上执行!!! kubeadm join 192.168.1.170:6444 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ec36d9832497453d5297e86f13928a3374e831da8861372f2086ea79c000bad7 \ --control-plane --certificate-key 80847d457d198a8ce1483817e11de8a472ff68b94410db2574e55c2f56f1b7be mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Kubernetes 集群高可用

1.15、在所有节点执行

vim /data/lb/etc/haproxy.cfg 在文件底部修改相关参数(要么自己补齐,要么将 #号去掉): server rancher01 192.168.1.160:6443 server rancher02 192.168.1.161:6443 server rancher03 192.168.1.162:6443 删掉老的 HAProxy ,重新启动一个: docker rm -f HAProxy-K8S && bash /data/lb/start-haproxy.sh 所有 Master 上执行下列命令: # kubectl 有很多子命令和参数,为了提高使用命令行的效率,通常建议安装 kebectl 的 bash 命令补全脚本 source <(kubectl completion bash) echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

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