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前言:
选择 Nginx 的优点:
Nginx 可以在大多数 Unix like OS 上编译运行,并有 Windows 移植版。Nginx 的 1.4.0 稳定版已经于 2013 年 4 月 24 日发布,一般情况下,对于新建站点,建议使用最新稳定版作为生产版本,已有站点的升级急迫性不高。Nginx 的源代码使用 2-clause BSD-like license。
Nginx 是一个很强大的高性能 Web 和反向代理服务器,它具有很多非常优越的特性:
在高连接并发的情况下,Nginx 是 Apache 服务器不错的替代品:Nginx 在美国是做虚拟主机生意的老板们经常选择的软件平台之一。能够支持高达 50,000 个并发连接数的响应,感谢 Nginx 为我们选择了 epoll and kqueue 作为开发模型。
CentOS 6.2 实战部署 Nginx+MySQL+PHP http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90020.htm
使用 Nginx 搭建 WEB 服务器 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89768.htm
搭建基于 Linux6.3+Nginx1.2+PHP5+MySQL5.5 的 Web 服务器全过程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89692.htm
CentOS 6.3 下 Nginx 性能调优 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89656.htm
CentOS 6.3 下配置 Nginx 加载 ngx_pagespeed 模块 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89657.htm
CentOS 6.4 安装配置 Nginx+Pcre+php-fpm http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88984.htm
Nginx 搭建视频点播服务器(仿真专业流媒体软件)http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/69151.htm
1.1 执行安装
- tar –xvf nginx–1.4.2.tar.gz
- cd nginx–1.4.2
- ./configure ––prefix=/usr/nginx ––with–http_stub_status_module ––with–debug ––with–http_realip_module ––with–http_ssl_module
- [root@localhost nginx–1.4.2]# make install
- ......
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/html\’ || cp –R html \‘/usr/nginx\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
1.2 查看进程数
进程数是与 top 出来的 cpu 数量是一样的。在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件里面的 worker_processes 参数。
worker_processes 指明了 nginx 要开启的进程数,据官方说法,一般开一个就够了,多开几个,可以减少机器 io 带来的影响。据实践表明,nginx 的这个参数在一般情况下开 4 个或 8 个就可以了,再往上开的话优化不太大。据另一种说法是,nginx 开启太多的进程,会影响主进程调度,所以占用的 cpu 会增高。
- [root@lb–net–2 ~]# ps –eaf|grep nginx
- root 2221 1382 0 18:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx
- root 16260 1 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- nobody 16261 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16262 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16263 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16264 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:33 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16265 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16266 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16267 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16268 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:23 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16269 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16270 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16271 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16272 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16273 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16274 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16275 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16276 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:33 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16277 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16278 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16279 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:30 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16280 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16281 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16282 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16283 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16284 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
2 配置文件
2.1 Nginx 反向代理实践
省过
2.2 Nginx Rewrite 重新定向
使用 nginx 做重新定向。
nginx 参考网址:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_97688f8e0100zws5.html
语法规则:location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ {…}
= 开头表示精确匹配
^~ 开头表示 uri 以某个常规字符串开头,理解为匹配 url 路径即可。nginx 不对 url 做编码,因此请求为 /static/20%/aa,可以被规则 ^~ /static/ /aa 匹配到(注意是空格)。
~ 开头表示区分大小写的正则匹配
~* 开头表示不区分大小写的正则匹配
!~ 和!~* 分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配 的正则
/ 通用匹配,任何请求都会匹配到。
多个 location 配置的情况下匹配顺序为(参考资料而来,还未实际验证,试试就知道了,不必拘泥,仅供参考):
首先匹配 =,其次匹配 ^~, 其次是按文件中顺序的正则匹配,最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候,停止匹配,按当前匹配规则处理请求。
例子,有如下匹配规则:
location = / {
#规则 A
}
location = /login {
#规则 B
}
location ^~ /static/ {
#规则 C
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png|js|css)$ {
#规则 D
}
location ~* \.png$ {
#规则 E
}
location !~ \.xhtml$ {
#规则 F
}
location !~* \.xhtml$ {
#规则 G
}
location / {
#规则 H
}
那么产生的效果如下:
访问根目录 /,比如 http://localhost/ 将匹配规则 A
访问 http://localhost/login 将匹配规则 B,http://localhost/register 则匹配规则 H
访问 http://localhost/static/a.html 将匹配规则 C
访问 http://localhost/a.gif, http://localhost/b.jpg 将匹配规则 D 和规则 E,但是规则 D 顺序优先,规则 E 不起作用,而 http://localhost/static/c.png 则优先匹配到规则 C
访问 http://localhost/a.PNG 则匹配规则 E,而不会匹配规则 D,因为规则 E 不区分大小写。
访问 http://localhost/a.xhtml 不会匹配规则 F 和规则 G,http://localhost/a.XHTML 不会匹配规则 G,因为不区分大小写。规则 F,规则 G 属于排除法,符合匹配规则但是不会匹配到,所以想想看实际应用中哪里会用到。
访问 http://localhost/category/id/1111 则最终匹配到规则 H,因为以上规则都不匹配,这个时候应该是 nginx 转发请求给后端应用服务器,比如 FastCGI(php),tomcat(jsp),nginx 作为方向代理服务器存在。
所以实际使用中,个人觉得至少有三个匹配规则定义,如下:
# 直接匹配网站根,通过域名访问网站首页比较频繁,使用这个会加速处理,官网如是说。
# 这里是直接转发给后端应用服务器了,也可以是一个静态首页
# 第一个必选规则
location = / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/index
}
# 第二个必选规则是处理静态文件请求,这是 nginx 作为 http 服务器的强项
# 有两种配置模式,目录匹配或后缀匹配, 任选其一或搭配使用
location ^~ /static/ {
root /webroot/static/;
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)$ {
root /webroot/res/;
}
# 第三个规则就是通用规则,用来转发动态请求到后端应用服务器
# 非静态文件请求就默认是动态请求,自己根据实际把握
# 毕竟目前的一些框架的流行,带.php,.jsp 后缀的情况很少了
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/
}
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104499p2.htm
2.3 ReWrite 语法
last – 基本上都用这个 Flag。
break – 中止 Rewirte,不在继续匹配
redirect – 返回临时重定向的 HTTP 状态 302
permanent – 返回永久重定向的 HTTP 状态 301
1、下面是可以用来判断的表达式:
- f 和!- f 用来判断是否存在文件
- d 和!- d 用来判断是否存在目录
- e 和!- e 用来判断是否存在文件或目录
- x 和!- x 用来判断文件是否可执行
2、下面是可以用作判断的全局变量
例:http://localhost:88/test1/test2/test.php
$host:localhost
$server_port:88
$request_uri:http://localhost:88/test1/test2/test.php
$document_uri:/test1/test2/test.php
$document_root:D:\nginx/html
$request_filename:D:\nginx/html/test1/test2/test.php
2.4 Redirect 语法
server {
listen 80;
server_name start.igrow.cn;
index index.html index.php;
root html;
if ($http_host !~“^star\.igrow\.cn$" {
rewrite ^(.*) http://star.igrow.cn$1 redirect;
}
}
2.5 防盗链
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|swf)$ {
valid_referers none blocked start.igrow.cn sta.igrow.cn;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://$host/logo.png;
}
}
2.6 根据文件类型设置过期时间
location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
if (-f $request_filename) {
expires 1h;
break;
}
}
2.7 禁止访问某个目录
location ~* \.(txt|doc)${
root /data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone/test;
deny all;
}
一些可用的全局变量:
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
2.8 Nginx 静态文件 (css,js,jpg 等等 web 静态资源)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
open_file_cache max=10000 inactive=60s;
location /group1/M00 {
root /data/fastdfs/data;
ngx_fastdfs_module;
}
location /css {
root plocc_static;
include gzip.conf;
}
location /common {
root plocc_static;
include gzip.conf;
}
2.9 nginx 转发工程的日志文件
去 nginx.conf 配置文件里面去看访问日志,如下:
vim nginx.conf
location ~* ^/mobileWeb/.*$ {
include deny.conf;
proxy_pass http://mobilewebbackend;
include proxy.conf;
error_log logs/mobileweb_error.log error;
access_log logs/mobileweb_access.log main;
include gzip.conf;
}
再去 logs 目录查看日志文件,如下:
[root@xx logs]# ll /usr/local/nginx/logs/mobileweb*
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 10946 7 月 18 10:36 /usr/local/nginx/logs/mobileweb_access.log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 1628 7 月 18 10:36 /usr/local/nginx/logs/mobileweb_error.log
3 添加启动服务
- [root@localhost nginx]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx
- #!/bin/bash
- #chkconfig:2345 70 70
- #description:nginx
- BIN=/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx
- function d_start {
- $BIN || echo –n \“nginx is running\”
- }
- function d_stop {
- $BIN –s stop || echo –n \“nginx is not running\”
- }
- function d_reload {
- $BIN –s reload || echo –n \“nginx reload failed\”
- }
- case $1 in
- start)
- echo start nginx
- d_start
- ;;
- stop)
- echo stop nginx
- d_stop
- ;;
- reload)
- echo reload nginx
- d_reload
- ;;
- restart)
- echo restart nginx
- d_stop
- echo sleep 5s
- sleep 5
- d_start
- ;;
- *)
- echo \“Usage: nginx [start | stop |reload |restart]\”
- ;;
- esac
- exit 0
启动:service nginx start;
前言:
选择 Nginx 的优点:
Nginx 可以在大多数 Unix like OS 上编译运行,并有 Windows 移植版。Nginx 的 1.4.0 稳定版已经于 2013 年 4 月 24 日发布,一般情况下,对于新建站点,建议使用最新稳定版作为生产版本,已有站点的升级急迫性不高。Nginx 的源代码使用 2-clause BSD-like license。
Nginx 是一个很强大的高性能 Web 和反向代理服务器,它具有很多非常优越的特性:
在高连接并发的情况下,Nginx 是 Apache 服务器不错的替代品:Nginx 在美国是做虚拟主机生意的老板们经常选择的软件平台之一。能够支持高达 50,000 个并发连接数的响应,感谢 Nginx 为我们选择了 epoll and kqueue 作为开发模型。
CentOS 6.2 实战部署 Nginx+MySQL+PHP http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90020.htm
使用 Nginx 搭建 WEB 服务器 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89768.htm
搭建基于 Linux6.3+Nginx1.2+PHP5+MySQL5.5 的 Web 服务器全过程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89692.htm
CentOS 6.3 下 Nginx 性能调优 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89656.htm
CentOS 6.3 下配置 Nginx 加载 ngx_pagespeed 模块 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89657.htm
CentOS 6.4 安装配置 Nginx+Pcre+php-fpm http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88984.htm
Nginx 搭建视频点播服务器(仿真专业流媒体软件)http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/69151.htm
1.1 执行安装
- tar –xvf nginx–1.4.2.tar.gz
- cd nginx–1.4.2
- ./configure ––prefix=/usr/nginx ––with–http_stub_status_module ––with–debug ––with–http_realip_module ––with–http_ssl_module
- [root@localhost nginx–1.4.2]# make install
- ......
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/html\’ || cp –R html \‘/usr/nginx\’
- test –d \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’ || mkdir –p \‘/usr/nginx/logs\’
1.2 查看进程数
进程数是与 top 出来的 cpu 数量是一样的。在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件里面的 worker_processes 参数。
worker_processes 指明了 nginx 要开启的进程数,据官方说法,一般开一个就够了,多开几个,可以减少机器 io 带来的影响。据实践表明,nginx 的这个参数在一般情况下开 4 个或 8 个就可以了,再往上开的话优化不太大。据另一种说法是,nginx 开启太多的进程,会影响主进程调度,所以占用的 cpu 会增高。
- [root@lb–net–2 ~]# ps –eaf|grep nginx
- root 2221 1382 0 18:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx
- root 16260 1 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- nobody 16261 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16262 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16263 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16264 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:33 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16265 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16266 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16267 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16268 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:23 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16269 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16270 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16271 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16272 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16273 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16274 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16275 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16276 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:33 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16277 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16278 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16279 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:30 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16280 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:24 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16281 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16282 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:32 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16283 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:25 nginx: worker process
- nobody 16284 16260 0 Jun18 ? 00:01:26 nginx: worker process
2 配置文件
2.1 Nginx 反向代理实践
省过
2.2 Nginx Rewrite 重新定向
使用 nginx 做重新定向。
nginx 参考网址:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_97688f8e0100zws5.html
语法规则:location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ {…}
= 开头表示精确匹配
^~ 开头表示 uri 以某个常规字符串开头,理解为匹配 url 路径即可。nginx 不对 url 做编码,因此请求为 /static/20%/aa,可以被规则 ^~ /static/ /aa 匹配到(注意是空格)。
~ 开头表示区分大小写的正则匹配
~* 开头表示不区分大小写的正则匹配
!~ 和!~* 分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配 的正则
/ 通用匹配,任何请求都会匹配到。
多个 location 配置的情况下匹配顺序为(参考资料而来,还未实际验证,试试就知道了,不必拘泥,仅供参考):
首先匹配 =,其次匹配 ^~, 其次是按文件中顺序的正则匹配,最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候,停止匹配,按当前匹配规则处理请求。
例子,有如下匹配规则:
location = / {
#规则 A
}
location = /login {
#规则 B
}
location ^~ /static/ {
#规则 C
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png|js|css)$ {
#规则 D
}
location ~* \.png$ {
#规则 E
}
location !~ \.xhtml$ {
#规则 F
}
location !~* \.xhtml$ {
#规则 G
}
location / {
#规则 H
}
那么产生的效果如下:
访问根目录 /,比如 http://localhost/ 将匹配规则 A
访问 http://localhost/login 将匹配规则 B,http://localhost/register 则匹配规则 H
访问 http://localhost/static/a.html 将匹配规则 C
访问 http://localhost/a.gif, http://localhost/b.jpg 将匹配规则 D 和规则 E,但是规则 D 顺序优先,规则 E 不起作用,而 http://localhost/static/c.png 则优先匹配到规则 C
访问 http://localhost/a.PNG 则匹配规则 E,而不会匹配规则 D,因为规则 E 不区分大小写。
访问 http://localhost/a.xhtml 不会匹配规则 F 和规则 G,http://localhost/a.XHTML 不会匹配规则 G,因为不区分大小写。规则 F,规则 G 属于排除法,符合匹配规则但是不会匹配到,所以想想看实际应用中哪里会用到。
访问 http://localhost/category/id/1111 则最终匹配到规则 H,因为以上规则都不匹配,这个时候应该是 nginx 转发请求给后端应用服务器,比如 FastCGI(php),tomcat(jsp),nginx 作为方向代理服务器存在。
所以实际使用中,个人觉得至少有三个匹配规则定义,如下:
# 直接匹配网站根,通过域名访问网站首页比较频繁,使用这个会加速处理,官网如是说。
# 这里是直接转发给后端应用服务器了,也可以是一个静态首页
# 第一个必选规则
location = / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/index
}
# 第二个必选规则是处理静态文件请求,这是 nginx 作为 http 服务器的强项
# 有两种配置模式,目录匹配或后缀匹配, 任选其一或搭配使用
location ^~ /static/ {
root /webroot/static/;
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)$ {
root /webroot/res/;
}
# 第三个规则就是通用规则,用来转发动态请求到后端应用服务器
# 非静态文件请求就默认是动态请求,自己根据实际把握
# 毕竟目前的一些框架的流行,带.php,.jsp 后缀的情况很少了
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/
}
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104499p2.htm
4 制作证书 Key。
4.1. 首先要生成服务器端的私钥 (key 文件):
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
Enter pass phrase for server.key:gongsilong0617
4.2. 用 server.key 生成一个证书:
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
pass phrase: gongsilong0617
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:gongsilong
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:business
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:ops
Email Address []:mch@gongsilong.com
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:gongsilong0617
An optional company name []:gongsilong
[root@localhost ssl]#
4.3. 对客户端也作同样的命令生成 key 及 csr 文件
openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 2048
pass phrase: plclient0618
[root@localhost client]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
Enter pass phrase for client.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:gongsilong
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:business
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:ops
Email Address []:mch@gongsilong.com
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:plclient0618
An optional company name []:gongsilong
4.4 生成的 CSR 证书文件必须有 CA 的签名才可形成证书. 这里制作自己的 CA 这时生成一个 KEY 文件 ca.key 和根证书 ca.crt
pass phrase: gongsilong0617
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
…….++++++
…………….++++++
writing new private key to ‘ca.key’
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying – Enter PEM pass phrase:
—–
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:
writing new private key to ‘ca.key’Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
…………..++++++
…………………………………………..++++++
writing new private key to ‘ca.key’
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying – Enter PEM pass phrase:
—–
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:gongsilong
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:business
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:ops
Email Address []:mch@gongsilong.com
[root@localhost ssl]#
[root@localhost ssl]# mch@gongsilong.com
-bash: mch@gongsilong.com: command not found
[root@localhost ssl]#
签署证书准备工作:
[root@mail ssl]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
#dir = ../../CA // 修改如下
dir = /etc/pki/plocc/CA
touch /etc/pki/plocc/CA/{index.txt,serial}
[root@localhost ssl]# ll /etc/pki/plocc/CA/
总计 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 06-18 10:47 index.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 06-18 10:47 serial
[root@localhost ssl]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/plocc/CA/serial
[root@localhost ssl]# mkdir /etc/pki/plocc/CA/newcerts
4.5 用生成的 CA 的证书 (ca.crt) 为刚才生成的 server.csr,client.csr 文件签名
pass phrase:gongsilong0617
openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Jun 18 04:04:09 2014 GMT
Not After : Jun 18 04:04:09 2015 GMT
Subject:
countryName = cn
stateOrProvinceName = shanghai
organizationName = baolong
organizationalUnitName = business
commonName = ops
emailAddress = mch@gongsilong.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
52:6A:D9:56:CB:2B:DA:E3:9A:18:CC:FE:4D:A1:8C:21:86:55:D5:11
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:4E:F5:29:7F:6B:AD:11:EF:FC:44:CC:76:1D:B0:B9:F7:4B:9D:CB:93
Certificate is to be certified until Jun 18 04:04:09 2015 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]#
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
Validity
Not Before: Jun 18 04:10:40 2014 GMT
Not After : Jun 18 04:10:40 2015 GMT
Subject:
countryName = cn
stateOrProvinceName = shanghai
organizationName = baolong
organizationalUnitName = business
commonName = ops
emailAddress = mch@gongsilong.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
E2:64:97:DC:A6:2B:85:53:5F:6C:5C:8D:1F:EB:59:C8:2C:66:C5:10
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:4E:F5:29:7F:6B:AD:11:EF:FC:44:CC:76:1D:B0:B9:F7:4B:9D:CB:93
Certificate is to be certified until Jun 18 04:10:40 2015 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]#
[PS]:附带功能:
另外,这个 certificate 是 BASE64 形式的, 要转成 PKCS12 才能装到 IE,/NETSCAPE 上. 转换如下:
双击安装就行
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12
这个是 ISO 需要的证书格式
openssl x509 -in client.crt -out client.cer
这个是 Android 需要的证书格式。
[root@mail ssl]# openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
Enter pass phrase for client.key: // 客户端私钥密码
Enter Export Password: //pfx 文件导入要求的密码
Verifying – Enter Export Password:
[root@localhost conf]# service nginx stop
stop nginx
Enter PEM pass phrase:
phrase is too short, needs to be at least 4 chars
Enter PEM pass phrase:
phrase is too short, needs to be at least 4 chars
Enter PEM pass phrase:
nginx 启动 SSL 默认不输入密码
如果 nginx 配置了 SSL,在每次启动 nginx 的时候都会需要你手动输入证书的密码,如果不想输入,可以
cp server.key server.key.orig
openssl rsa -in server.key.orig -out server.key
这样启动 nginx 的时候就不需要输入密码了。
[root@localhost ssl]# cp server.key server.key.orig
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl rsa -in server.key.orig -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key.orig:
unable to load Private Key
20487:error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt:evp_enc.c:325:
20487:error:0906A065:PEM routines:PEM_do_header:bad decrypt:pem_lib.c:425:
[root@localhost ssl]#
这里奇怪,一开始通不过,但是过了 15 分钟后,在运行一遍,输入密码,又通过了,如下所示:
[root@localhost ssl]# openssl rsa -in server.key.orig -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key.orig:
writing RSA key
[root@localhost ssl]#
当然也可以保留密码,改用 expect 的方式,这个可以参考 expect 自动登录 SSH 的方法,下次有时间再整理贴上来
5 静态文件地址映射 nginx
location = userWeb/userCenter/findConsultList.htm {
rewrite ^.*$ http://xx.gongsilong.com/xx/xx/findConsultList.htm;
}
# add by tim begin …
location ~* ^/svn/(.*) {
rewrite ^.*$ https://192.123.11.12/$1;
}
# add by tim end ..
Nginx 的详细介绍 :请点这里
Nginx 的下载地址:请点这里
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