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导读 | 很多情况下基于 wcf 的复杂均衡都首选 zookeeper,这样可以拥有更好的控制粒度,但 zk 对 C# 不大友好,实现起来相对来说比较麻烦,实际情况下,如果你的负载机制粒度很粗糙的话,优先使用 nginx 就可以搞定,既可以实现复杂均衡,又可以实现双机热备,以最小的代码量实现我们的业务,下面具体分享下。 |
1. 话不多说,一图胜千言,图中的服务器都是采用 vmware 虚拟化,如下图:
三台 windows 机器,两个 WCF 的 windows 服务器承载 (192.168.23.187,192.168.23.188),一台 Client 的服务器 (192.168.23.1)
一台 Centos 机器,用来承载 web 复杂均衡 nginx(192.168.23.190)。
在所有的 Client 的 Hosts 文件中增加 host 映射:【192.168.23.190 cluster.com】,方便通过域名的形式访问 nginx 所在服务器的 ip 地址。
既然是测试,肯定就是简单的程序,代码就不完全给出了。
public class HomeService : IHomeService | |
{public string DoWork(string msg) | |
{var ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName()).FirstOrDefault(i => i.AddressFamily == | |
AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString(); | |
return string.Format("当前 request 由 server={0} 返回", ip); | |
} | |
} |
App.Config 代码
<configuration> | |
<startup> | |
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" /> | |
</startup> | |
<system.serviceModel> | |
<behaviors> | |
<serviceBehaviors> | |
<behavior name=""> | |
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" /> | |
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> | |
</behavior> | |
</serviceBehaviors> | |
</behaviors> | |
<services> | |
<service name="WcfService.HomeService"> | |
<endpoint address="/HomeService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WcfService.IHomeService"> | |
<identity> | |
<dns value="localhost" /> | |
</identity> | |
</endpoint> | |
<endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> | |
<host> | |
<baseAddresses> | |
<add baseAddress="http://192.168.23.187:8733" /> | |
</baseAddresses> | |
</host> | |
</service> | |
</services> | |
</system.serviceModel> | |
</configuration> |
因为 windows 的两台机器的 ip 地址是 192.168.23.187,192.168.23.188,所以部署的时候注意一下 config 中的 baseAddress 地址。
nginx 我想大家用的还是比较多的,去官网下载最新的就好【nginx-1.13.6】:http://nginx.org/en/download.html,下载之后,就是常规的三板斧安装!!!
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然后在 nginx 的安装目录下面找到 conf 文件,修改里面的 nginx.conf 配置。
详细配置如下,注意下面“标红”的地方,权重按照 1:5 的方式进行调用,关于其他的配置,大家可以在网上搜一下就可以了。
#user nobody; | |
worker_processes 1; | |
#error_log logs/error.log; | |
#error_log logs/error.log notice; | |
#error_log logs/error.log info; | |
#pid logs/nginx.pid; | |
events {worker_connections 1024;} | |
http { | |
include mime.types; | |
default_type application/octet-stream; | |
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" ' | |
# '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" ' | |
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; | |
#access_log logs/access.log main; | |
sendfile on; | |
#tcp_nopush on; | |
#keepalive_timeout 0; | |
keepalive_timeout 65; | |
#gzip on; | |
upstream cluster.com{ | |
server 192.168.23.187:8733 weight=1; | |
server 192.168.23.188:8733 weight=5; | |
} | |
server { | |
listen 80; | |
server_name localhost; | |
#charset koi8-r; | |
#access_log logs/host.access.log main; | |
location / { | |
root html; | |
index index.html index.htm; | |
proxy_pass http://cluster.com; | |
#设置主机头和客户端真实地址,以便服务器获取客户端真实 IP | |
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; | |
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; | |
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; | |
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; | |
} | |
#error_page 404 /404.html; | |
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html | |
# | |
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; | |
location = /50x.html {root html;} | |
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 | |
# | |
#location ~ \.php$ { | |
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; | |
#} | |
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 | |
# | |
#location ~ \.php$ { | |
# root html; | |
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; | |
# fastcgi_index index.php; | |
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; | |
# include fastcgi_params; | |
#} | |
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root | |
# concurs with nginx's one | |
# | |
#location ~ /\.ht { | |
# deny all; | |
#} | |
} | |
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration | |
# | |
#server { | |
# listen 8000; | |
# listen somename:8080; | |
# server_name somename alias another.alias; | |
# location / { | |
# root html; | |
# index index.html index.htm; | |
# } | |
#} | |
# HTTPS server | |
# | |
#server { | |
# listen 443 ssl; | |
# server_name localhost; | |
# ssl_certificate cert.pem; | |
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key; | |
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; | |
# ssl_session_timeout 5m; | |
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; | |
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; | |
# location / { | |
# root html; | |
# index index.html index.htm; | |
# } | |
#} | |
} |
第一件事就是将 192.168.23.190 映射到本机的 host 中去,因为服务不提供给第三方使用,所以加 host 还是很轻松的。
192.168.23.190 cluster.com
然后就是 client 端程序添加服务引用,因为添加了 host 映射,所以服务引用地址就是 ”http://cluster.com”。代码如下:
class Program | |
{static void Main(string[] args) | |
{for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) | |
{HomeServiceClient client = new HomeServiceClient(); | |
var info = client.DoWork("hello world!"); | |
Console.WriteLine(info); | |
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); | |
} | |
Console.Read();} |
最后来执行以下程序,看看 1000 次循环中,是不是按照权重 1:5 的方式对后端的 wcf 进行调用的???
看到没有,是不是很牛逼,我只需要通过 cluster.com 进行服务访问,nginx 会自动给我复杂均衡,这就是我们开发中非常简单化的 wcf 复杂均衡。
