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| 导读 | linux 添加硬盘后都需要一个操作操作才能使用那就是挂载，在企业环境中我们的数据盘和系统盘一般都是分开的。前几天一个朋友让我帮忙分下区把数据盘挂载到 /home 下去。（个人需求吧，有些公司一般都是专门在 ’/’ 下面创建一个 data 来做数据盘）。操作记录下了来分享给大家，新手复习，老鸟绕道（如果这些都看不懂的话，Linux 需要恶补额！！！） |
需求 ：需要把系统盘搞到 /home 下面。
思考 ：/home 下面是用户默认的家目录，如果用户家目录有数据是会被覆盖的。找朋友确认是刚安装的系统才开始搞的。更改分区大小首先想到的是 lvm，但是看了客户的磁盘信息发现不需要考虑这些，怎么简单怎么来。
查看硬盘信息
[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l 查看硬盘信息
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00085ef7
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 17803263 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17803264 468860927 225528832 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0007a974
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 976773119 488385536 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdd: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a4688
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2 1026048 468860927 233917440 8e Linux LVM 找到对应硬盘分区格式化
磁盘分区
[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb \\ 针对第二块盘分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6511fa23.
Command (m for help): p \\ 查看已有分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6511fa23
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n \\ 创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p \\ 主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-468862127, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-468862127, default 468862127):
Using default value 468862127
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 223.6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p \\ 查看确认分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6511fa23
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 468862127 234430040 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w \\ 保存改分区
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks. 分区格式化
[root@localhost /]# mkfs \\tab 万能操作
mkfs mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs
[root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 格式化 sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=14651878 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=58607510, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=28616, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 查看检查分区
[root@localhost /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223.6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 215.1G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 223.6G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 223.6G 0 part 挂载分区到 ”/home”
挂载分区，找到 uuid，写入 fstab
[root@localhost /]# blkid /dev/sdb1 查看 sdb1 的 uuid 写入 fstab uuid 最稳定 /dev/sdb1 也可以
/dev/sdb1: UUID="ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost /]# echo "/dev/sdb1: UUID="ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060"TYPE="xfs" " >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/fstab
-bash: vim: command not found
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab 写入 fstab
[root@localhost /]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab
ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060 /home xfs defaults 0 0
#/dev/sdb1 /home xfs defaults 0 0 \\uuid 和 /dev/sdb1 区别？？[root@localhost /]# mount -a 重新读取配置文件
检查挂载成果，挂载成功！！
[root@localhost /]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 215G 852M 215G 1% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 8.4M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 378M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 224G 33M 224G 1% /home
[root@localhost /]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223.6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 215.1G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 223.6G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 223.6G 0 part /home
ok，收工！！
PS：菜鸟级教程，新手复习，老鸟勿喷！如果这些你都看不懂的话，真的要恶补了！！！
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