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| 导读 | 财务阿姨们最近遇到一项重复的工作，需要开具大量的电子发票并发送到客户指定的邮箱，故找到我们帮忙弄一个小工具提高工作效率。 |
首先了解 SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)，邮件传送代理程序使用 SMTP 协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP 协议只能用来发送邮件，不能用来接收邮件，而大多数的邮件发送服务器都是使用 SMTP 协议。SMTP 协议的默认 TCP 端口号是 25。
上面说了是使用 SMTP 协议发送的邮件，所以需要先查看你的发件人邮箱是否有开启 SMTP 协议，如没有，则需要开启，我测试使用的是 163.com 的邮箱作为发信人邮箱，在设置中开启 SMTP 协议如下图所示。
测试的前提是你需要开通客户端授权, 开通后会让你设置密码, 那个密码要记好, 下面的 passwd 接收的是授权密码而不是邮箱密码! 否则会出现下图所示的错误提示：
安装库文件
| pip install smtplib | |
| pip install email |
基础版
| import smtplib | |
| from email.header import Header | |
| from email.mime.text import MIMEText | |
| # 第三方 SMTP 服务 | |
| mail_host = "smtp.163.com" # SMTP 服务器 | |
| mail_user = "***" # 用户名 | |
| mail_pass = "***" # 授权密码，非登录密码 | |
| sender = '***@163.com' # 发件人邮箱 (最好写全, 不然会失败) | |
| receivers = [***@qq.com'] # 接收邮件，可设置为你的 QQ 邮箱或者其他邮箱 | |
| content = 'Python' | |
| title = '人生苦短' # 邮件主题 | |
| def sendEmail(): | |
| message = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 内容, 格式, 编码 | |
| message['From'] = "{}".format(sender) | |
| message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) | |
| message['Subject'] = title | |
| try: | |
| smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) # 启用 SSL 发信, 端口一般是 465 | |
| smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) # 登录验证 | |
| smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) # 发送 | |
| print("mail has been send successfully.") | |
| except smtplib.SMTPException as e: | |
| print(e) | |
| def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content): | |
| email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host) | |
| email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd) | |
| # create msg | |
| msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') | |
| msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') # subject | |
| msg['From'] = from_account | |
| msg['To'] = to_account | |
| email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string()) | |
| email_client.quit() | |
| if __name__ == '__main__': | |
| sendEmail() | |
| # receiver = '***' | |
| # send_email2(mail_host, mail_user, mail_pass, receiver, title, content) |
复杂版（文字，html, 图片，附件实现）
| #coding: utf-8 | |
| import smtplib | |
| from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart | |
| from email.mime.text import MIMEText | |
| from email.mime.image import MIMEImage | |
| from email.header import Header | |
| #设置 smtplib 所需的参数 | |
| #下面的发件人，收件人是用于邮件传输的。smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' | |
| username = 'XXX@163.com' | |
| password='XXX' | |
| sender='XXX@163.com' | |
| #receiver='XXX@126.com' | |
| #收件人为多个收件人 | |
| receiver=['XXX@126.com','XXX@126.com'] | |
| subject = 'Python email test' | |
| #通过 Header 对象编码的文本，包含 utf- 8 编码信息和 Base64 编码信息。以下中文名测试 ok | |
| #subject = '中文标题' | |
| #subject=Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode() | |
| #构造邮件对象 MIMEMultipart 对象 | |
| #下面的主题，发件人，收件人，日期是显示在邮件页面上的。msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed') | |
| msg['Subject'] = subject | |
| msg['From'] = 'XXX@163.com ' | |
| #msg['To'] = 'XXX@126.com' | |
| #收件人为多个收件人, 通过 join 将列表转换为以; 为间隔的字符串 | |
| msg['To'] = ";".join(receiver) | |
| #msg['Date']='2012-3-16' | |
| #构造文字内容 | |
| text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.baidu.com" | |
| text_plain = MIMEText(text,'plain', 'utf-8') | |
| msg.attach(text_plain) | |
| #构造图片链接 | |
| sendimagefile=open(r'testimage.png','rb').read() | |
| image = MIMEImage(sendimagefile) | |
| image.add_header('Content-ID','') | |
| image["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="testimage.png"' | |
| msg.attach(image) | |
| #构造 html | |
| #发送正文中的图片: 由于包含未被许可的信息，网易邮箱定义为垃圾邮件，报 554 DT:SPM：<p><img src="cid:image1"/></p> | |
| html = """ | |
| <html> | |
| <head></head> | |
| <body> | |
| <p>Hi!<br /> | |
| How are you?<br /> | |
| Here is the <a href="http://www.baidu.com">link</a> you wanted.<br /> | |
| </p> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| """text_html = MIMEText(html,'html','utf-8') | |
| text_html["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="texthtml.html"' | |
| msg.attach(text_html) | |
| #构造附件 | |
| sendfile=open(r'1.txt','rb').read() | |
| text_att = MIMEText(sendfile, 'base64', 'utf-8') | |
| text_att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' | |
| #以下附件可以重命名成 aaa.txt | |
| #text_att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="aaa.txt"' | |
| #另一种实现方式 | |
| text_att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='aaa.txt') | |
| #以下中文测试不 ok | |
| #text_att["Content-Disposition"] = u'attachment; filename=" 中文附件.txt"'.decode('utf-8') | |
| msg.attach(text_att) | |
| #发送邮件 | |
| smtp = smtplib.SMTP() | |
| smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') | |
| #我们用 set_debuglevel(1) 就可以打印出和 SMTP 服务器交互的所有信息。#smtp.set_debuglevel(1) | |
| smtp.login(username, password) | |
| smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) | |
| smtp.quit() |
正文完
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