新手必看，老鸟绕道–LAMP简易安装

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导读	LAMP 是企业中最常用的服务，也是非常稳定的网站架构平台。其中 L - 指的是 Linux，A- 指的是 Apache,m- 指的是 mysql 或者 marriDB，p-php。相信大家对这些都已经非常熟悉了，但是对于刚接触 Linux 的新手来说，可能还不是太明白，要装什么包啊，什么模块啊。其实 LAMP 并不难，下面用最简单的方法安装 LAMP。

准备工作

系统环境：centos 6.8 x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue May 10 17:27:01 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]#

LAMP 相关包是否安装：
默认 httpd 已经安装，在这里我们说明下：本次实验我们采用的是 yum 的方式来进行安装，httpd 就是 Apache 软件在 RPM 中的软件包名

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa httpd
httpd-2.2.15-53.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa mysql*
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa php*
[root@localhost ~]#

L-A-M-P 安装

LAMP 的安装其实非常简单，一条命令搞定。个人认为对于初学着没有必要搞那么多这个插件，那个插件；到了深入了解了 LAMP 后在根据自己实际的需求来进行模块的安装，由易道难，循序渐进的学习。

yum 仓库的检查

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist                 \\ 查看 yum 仓库的情况
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                               | 3.7 kB     00:00     
extras                                                             | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates                                                            | 3.4 kB     00:00     
repo id                             repo name                                 status
base                                CentOS-6 - Base                           6,696
extras                              CentOS-6 - Extras                         62
updates                             CentOS-6 - Updates                        482
repolist: 7,240

我们使用的是 centos 默认的网络 yum 仓库，当然如果默认 yum 仓库比较慢的话，可以使用 epel 的软件包。

yum 安装 LAMP

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd mysql mysql-server mysql-devel php*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-53.el6.centos will be updated
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.15-54.el6.centos for package: httpd-2.2.15-54.el6.centos.x86_64
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be installed
..........................
Installed:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6    mysql-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6    mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6     
  php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8    php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8   php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8        
 .........

Updated:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos                                                                                   

Dependency Updated:
  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos  net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.5-57.el6_8.1  openssl.x86_64 0:1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1 

Complete!

我们 yum 命令安装 httpd，安装 mysql mysql-server 和 mysql-devel 开发包，在 php 的安装包上面我们选择了 php* 的命令匹配搜有 php 相关的包。注意，注意的操作是为了让入门童鞋们先了解 LAMP 的方案，在深入了解后，还是要跟进实际的情况安装搜需要的包。

LAMP 初始化

安装完成 LAMP 后，我们需要对 LAMP 进行初始化，其实也就是启动服务，开机自起和必要的配置。

Apache 的初始化

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start           \\ 启动 httpd 服务; 注意 httpd 和 apache 的关系
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
                                                           [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig httpd on             \\ 设置 httpd 开启自器

mysql 的初始化

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start           \\ 开启 mysql 服务，会提示需要初始化，很详细
Initializing MySQL database:  Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

                                                           [OK]
Starting mysqld:                                           [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on                \\ 设置 mysql 开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password linuxprobe.com
                            \\ 初始化 mysql，在这里需要设置 mysql 的 root 的密码；命令：mysqladmin -u 用户 password 密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p                    \\ 登录 mysql 查看是否能够登录        
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>                                             \\ok 登录成功

注意：在 yum 安装 lamp 的时候，其实 php 只是 apache 的一个集成的组件，不需要添加模块的应用，只要在配置文件中启用就可以了。

环境简单的测试

查看经常 mysql 和 httpd 是否运行：

[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux |grep httpd               \\ 查看 httpd 的进程
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      2930  0.0  2.9 487660 14664 ?        Ss   10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2933  0.0  1.9 487660  9400 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2934  0.0  1.8 487660  9112 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2935  0.0  1.9 487660  9400 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2936  0.0  1.9 487660  9392 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2937  0.0  1.8 487660  9116 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2938  0.0  1.8 487660  9136 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2939  0.0  1.8 487660  9112 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache    2940  0.0  2.3 487844 11840 ?        S    10:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
root     10163  0.0  0.1 103316   868 pts/3    S+   12:23   0:00 grep httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux |grep mysql               \\ 查看 mysql 的相关进程
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      3035  0.0  0.2 108216  1452 pts/1    S    10:47   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql     3137  0.0  4.3 367512 21444 pts/1    Sl   10:47   0:02 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root     10165  0.0  0.1 103316   868 pts/3    S+   12:23   0:00 grep mysql

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tanulp |grep 80      \\ 查看 httpd 的端口对外监听
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.108:50878         63.80.4.177:80              ESTABLISHED 2629/clock-applet   
tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      2930/httpd          
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tanulp |grep 3306     \\ 查看 mysql 的端口对外监听
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3137/mysqld

防火墙的相关设置

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L                   \\ 查看 iptables 的规则
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 
ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere            
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ssh 
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination     

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT     
                                     \\ 添加 iptables INPUT 的链的第一条规则允许 tcp 协议的 80 端口
                                  \\ 关于 iptables 的更多设置，请参考《linux 就该这样学》相关内容

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables save        \\ 将我们的添加的规则保存在配置文件
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[OK]
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L                         \\ 查看保存情况
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:http 
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 
ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere            
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ssh 
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

测试 httpd 的静态文件

添加一个测试的静态 index.html 页面，或者使用默认的页面进行测试。关于添加网站页面的更多问题，请参考《linux 就该这样学》的相关内容

[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello word" > /var/www/html/index.html

测试用 ie 浏览器测试静态页面：

新手必看，老鸟绕道–LAMP 简易安装

ok，测试成功。

配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/httpd/              \\ 配置文件目录，相关配置模块
conf/    conf.d/  logs/    modules/ run/     
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/
httpd.conf  magic       
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf     \\ 主配文件
[root@localhost ~]# wc -l /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    
1009 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
                              \\ 主配文件共有 1009 行，其中有好多都是注释的. 养成好习惯，备份默认配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf      \\ 更多配置建议参考《linux 就该这样学》相关内容
# The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known
# server name.
#
#                                          \\ 配置文件中添加虚拟主机的语句
#    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
#    DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com
#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com
#    ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
#    CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
#

高级环境的测试

LAMP 是一个稳定的动态的网站架构方案，在这里我们需要添加 php 的支持，测试动态网站。

启用对 php 的支持

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep  DirectoryIndex     
                                                  \\ 在配置文件 402 行添加对 php 页面的支持
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

添加 php 测试页面，测试

[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/www/html/index.php    
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.php    \\ 添加 php 信息的测试页面

[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/www/html/test.php
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/test.php      \\ 添加 php 页面测试
test 
this php test

测试：
新手必看，老鸟绕道–LAMP 简易安装

新手必看，老鸟绕道–LAMP 简易安装