Cobbler自动化集群Linux系统安装

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Cobbler: 是一个快速网络安装 Linux 的工具，使用简单的命令即可完成 PXE 网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理 DHCP，DNS，以及 yum 包镜像。Cobbler 支持命令行管理，web 界面管理

主要由 Repository,Distribution,Profile: 各部分组成分别是

Repository:mirror url

Distribution:kernek ,initrd

Profile:distribution,kickstart file ,repositories

实验内容：

1.1 安装实验所需要的程序

[root@node1 ~]# yum install cobbler pykickstart debmirror

在安装 cobbler 时会自动安装 httpd 程序

1.2 安装完成后启动

[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd start
Starting cobbler daemon:

1.3 检测 cobbler 存在哪些错误

[root@node1 ~]# cobbler check

1 : The ‘server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than loc alhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname o r IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on th e PXE network.
3 : some network boot- loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may ru n ‘cobbler get- loaders’ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get- loaders’ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
4 : change ‘disable’ to ‘no’ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
5 : comment ‘dists’ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
6 : comment ‘arches’ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (def ault_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler’ and should be changed, try: “openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here’ ‘your-password- here'” to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power manageme nt features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync’ to apply changes.

下来一个个排错

1，修改 /etc/cobbler/settings 文件中的 server 参数值为提供 cobbler 服务的主机相应的 IP 地址或主机名和 next_server 参数的值为 PXE 服务的主机相应的 IP 地址

server=172.16.18.1
next_server=172.16.18.1

2，生成密码，替换默认密码

[root@node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)”
Password: $1$d69ce09e$UNrtVcVkT.Rd5E6bSVxx8/
default_password_crypted: ” $1$d69ce09e$UNrtVcVkT.Rd5E6bSVxx8/”

3，复制 /usr/share/syslinux/* 所有文件去 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ 目录中

[root@node1 ~]# cp -r /usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

4，注释 /etc/debmirror.conf 中的两个参数

#@dists=”sid”;
#@arches=”i386″;

5，安装相应的程序包

yum install cman fence-agents

6，chkconfig rsync on

7，启动，检测

[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd start

8，cobbler check 检测是否还有错误

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : some network boot- loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may ru n ‘cobbler get- loaders’ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get- loaders’ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync’ to apply changes.

此错误可以忽略了，我们已经将所需要的文件都复制过去了。

此时环境就算配置好了

2.1 下来需要配置 pxe 所需要的服务。DHCP TFTP RSYNC DNS, 其中 dhcp tftp rsync 为必须
[root@node1 ~]# yum install dhcp
[root@node1 ~]# service dhcpd start Starting dhcpd: [OK]

复制 /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample 到 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 覆盖原有文件，编辑

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name “aolens.com”;
option domain-name-servers 172.16.18.1 ;
default-lease-time 10000;
max-lease-time 20000;
log-facility local7;
subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
range 172.16.18.100 172.16.18.110;
option routers 172.16.18.1;
}
next-server 172.16.18.1;
filename=”pxelinux.0″;

其他的全注释掉

[root@node1 ~]# service dhcpd restart
Shutting down dhcpd: [OK]
Starting dhcpd: [OK]

2.2 启动 tftp 服务器
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig tftp on
[root@node1 ~]# service xinetd restart
3.1 首先添加 distro , 这一步是定义 ramdisk 和内核文件。我们直接导入完整的光盘镜像。

我们先将光盘镜像装载上，挂载于 /mnt 下

[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
对光盘镜像进行导入
cobbler import –name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 –path=/mnt
导入成功后查看
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler distro list centos-6.5-x86_64
发现一个 distro

3.2 提供一个 kickstart 文件

启动 kickstart 工具需要安装

yum install system-config-kickstart

然后运行 system-config-kickstart

Cobbler 自动化集群 Linux 系统安装

运维自动化之 Cobbler 安装配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81575.htm

RHEL5.5 下 Cobbler 的配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86115.htm

运维自动化部署 Cobbler 之服务安装篇 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/80133.htm

利用 Cobbler 批量快速网络安装 CentOS http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75838.htm

CentOS 6.3 上安装部署 Cobbler http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/72094.htm

Cobbler 批量部署 Linux 系统 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-02/97259.htm

具体的操作过程去不做演示，将生成的 kickstart 文件放在 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ 下

要确保 url –url=”http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/” 指向正确的 yum 源，也就是导入的光盘文件

也可以直接复制系统中的 /root/anaconda-ks.cfg 做修改使用。

下边提供一个 kickstart 文件供大家参考

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
firewall –disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url –url=”http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/”
# Root password
rootpw –iscrypted $1$iRHppr42$VMesh73wBqhUTjKp6OYOD.
# System authorization information
auth –useshadow –passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot –disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# SELinux configuration
selinux –disabled
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
part /boot –fstype=”ext4″ –size=200
part pv.008 –size=61440
logvol swap –name=swap –vgname=vg0 –size=2048
logvol /usr –fstype=ext4 –name=usr –vgname=vg0 –size=10240
logvol /var –fstype=ext4 –name=var –vgname=vg0 –size=20480
%post
sed -i ‘1,$s@id:[0-9]:initdefault:@id:3:initdefault:@g’ /etc/inittab
[! -d /root/.ssh] && mkdir /root/.ssh && chmod og=— /root/.ssh
cat >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys > /etc/hosts
%end
%packages
@base
@basic-desktop
@chinese-support
@client-mgmt-tools
@core
@desktop-platform
@fonts
@general-desktop
@graphical-admin-tools
@legacy-x
@network-file-system-client
@perl-runtime
@remote-desktop-clients
@x11
func
lftp
ibus-table-cangjie
ibus-table-erbi
ibus-table-wubi
puppet
%end

3.2 创建 profile

profile 来为 cobbler 提供所需要安装配置，即在 distro 的基础上通过提供 kickstart 文件来生成一个特定的系统安装配置。distro 的 profile 可以出现在 PXE 的引导菜单中作为安装的选择之一。
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler profile add –name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic –distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.x86_64.cfg
查看 profile 文件是否创建成功，每一个 kickstart 都可以创建一个 profile 来安装不同配置的程序
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler profile list centos-6.5-x86-basic centos-6.5-x86_64
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler sync 同步一下

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107956p2.htm

4.1 创建一个新的虚拟机

将接口都调为相同的定制端口

打开新建的虚拟机，就可以发现有两个选项，其中 basic 就是我们提供 kickstart 文件的，选定，就可以安装下去了。

Cobbler 自动化集群 Linux 系统安装

5.1 配置 cobbler_web 界面配置方式

首先需要安装 cobbler_web

配置认证方式；
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module = authn_pam #修改此一项即可
[root@node1 ~]# useradd cblradmin #创建用户
[root@node1 ~]# passwd cblradmin #创建密码
编辑用户配置文件，配置下边的项
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf
[admins]
admin = “cblradmin”
重启 cobbler 和 httpd 服务
[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [OK]
Starting cobbler daemon: [OK]
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [OK]
httpd: [OK]
访问 cobbler_web 页面，并登陆