共计 2217 个字符,预计需要花费 6 分钟才能阅读完成。
导读 | 你可以配置 SSH 使用基于密钥的身份验证,而不是使用用户名密码的方式验证。为了使用密钥身份验证方式,你需要生成一对密钥(公钥与私钥—)。私钥作业“密码”保存在用户端,公钥放到用户想连接到的远端主机上。本地计算机通过私钥去验证远端主机上的公钥,以确定远端主机的“合法”性。 |
环境介绍:
两台虚拟机 —— workstation 和 servera,workstation 作为客户端,servera 作为服务端,我们现在就是要从 workstation 这台虚拟机上面,通过密钥验证的方式使用 ssh 连接到 servera。
通过 ssh-keygen 在 workstation 上面生成密钥对,并指定密钥的密码(如果不指定密码,则表示不使用密码,在使用密钥登录的时候,不会提示让你输入密码。)
[it@workstation ~]ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/it/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/it/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/it/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:bUXox2I6qVu4frpCPSgXhFo8b48tc8qyzsv851UGaoc it@workstation.lab.test
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| . . .. |
| = . .. |
| o + .. .. |
|. + o o+.o |
| . BE S+=o |
| . B.*o++ |
| = =.oo. |
| +. + o+. |
| .B=.=B= |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[it@workstation ~] ls .ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
[it@workstation ~]$
id_rsa 是私钥,id_rsa.pub 是公钥(这里我使用的是系统默认的名称)
使用 ssh-copy-id 上传公钥到 servera
[it@workstation ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa it@servera
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'servera (10.10.10.25)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:/Xj4qZo8BWSfrzHt3OpZ4sLuasIFYxd6Wf/ucFN2UL8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
it@servera's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh'it@servera'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
通过 ssh 连接到 servera,在弹出的窗口里输入私钥的密码(我 workstation 是图形界面的,所有会以弹出窗口的方式,让你输入密钥密码。)。
[it@workstation ~]ssh it@servera
Last login: Thu Oct 29 14:41:13 2020 from 10.10.10.20
[it@servera ~]
有人可能会觉得这样一直重复输入密码很烦,有没有办法不输入密码?我们可以使用 ssh-agent 在 bash 进程中缓存私钥的密码。
[it@workstation ~]eval(ssh-agent)
Agent pid 3191
[it@workstation ~]ssh-add .ssh/id_rsa
Enter passphrase for .ssh/id_rsa:
Identity added: .ssh/id_rsa (it@workstation.lab.test)
[it@workstation ~] ssh it@servera
Last login: Thu Oct 29 14:42:51 2020 from 10.10.10.20
[it@servera ~]$
因为密码是缓存在当前 bash 中的,当我们切换到一个新的 bash 时,将依然要输入私钥密码。
使用相同的方式,将密钥传输到 serverb 上。
正文完
星哥说事-微信公众号
![post-qrcode](https://www.xgss.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/二维码-微信公众号256x256.jpg)