详解:Linux 硬盘，格式化，分区详解

11次阅读

共计 5232 个字符，预计需要花费 14 分钟才能阅读完成。

disk 是 Linux 自带的硬盘分区工具，可以对硬盘进行分区，或者对硬盘分区进行调整。

首先选择要进行操作的磁盘

[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

输入 m，列出可以执行的命令

 Command (m for help): m
 Command action
 a toggle a bootable flag
 b edit bsd disklabel
 c toggle the dos compatibility flag
 d delete a partition
 l list known partition types
 m print this menu
 n add a new partition
 o create a new empty DOS partition table
 p print the partition table
 q quit without saving changes
 s create a new empty Sun disklabel
 t change a partition's system id
 u change display/entry units
 v verify the partition table
 w write table to disk and exit
 x extra functionality (experts only)

输入 p，列出磁盘目前的分区情况

 Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 /dev/sdb1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM
 /dev/sdb2 2 26 200812+ 83 Linux

输入 d，然后选择分区，删除现有分区

 Command (m for help): d
 Partition number (1-4): 1
 
Command (m for help): d
 Selected partition 2

查看分区情况，确认分区已经删除

 Command (m for help): print
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 
Command (m for help):

输入 n，建立新的磁盘分区，首先建立两个主磁盘分区

 Command (m for help): n
 Command action
 e extended
 p primary partition (1-4)
 p // 建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 // 分区号
First cylinder (1-391, default 1): // 分区起始位置
Using default value 1
 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 // 分区结束位置，单位为扇区
 
Command (m for help): n // 再建立一个分区
Command action
 e extended
 p primary partition (1-4)
 p 
 Partition number (1-4): 2 // 分区号为 2
 First cylinder (101-391, default 101): 
 Using default value 101
 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M // 分区结束位置，单位为 M

确认分区建立成功

 Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
 /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux

再建立一个逻辑分区

 Command (m for help): n
 Command action
 e extended
 p primary partition (1-4)
 e // 选择扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
 First cylinder (126-391, default 126): 
 Using default value 126
 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): 
 Using default value 391

确认扩展分区建立成功

 Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
 /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux/dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended

在扩展分区上建立两个逻辑分区

 Command (m for help): n
 Command action
 l logical (5 or over)
 p primary partition (1-4)
 l // 选择逻辑分区
First cylinder (126-391, default 126): 
 Using default value 126
 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M
 
Command (m for help): n
 Command action
 l logical (5 or over)
 p primary partition (1-4)
 l
 First cylinder (176-391, default 176): 
 Using default value 176
 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391): 
 Using default value 391

确认逻辑分区建立成功

 Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
 /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
 /dev/sdb5 126 175 401593+ 83 Linux
 /dev/sdb6 176 391 1734988+ 83 Linux
 
Command (m for help):

从上面的结果我们可以看到，在硬盘 sdb 我们建立了 2 个主分区（sdb1，sdb2），1 个扩展分区（sdb3），2 个逻辑分区（sdb5，sdb6）

注意：主分区和扩展分区的磁盘号位 1 -4，也就是说最多有 4 个主分区或者扩展分区，逻辑分区开始的磁盘号为 5，因此在这个实验中试没有 sdb4 的。

最后对分区操作进行保存

 Command (m for help): w
 The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
 Syncing disks.

建立好分区之后我们还需要对分区进行格式化才能在系统中使用磁盘。

在 sdb1 上建立 ext2 分区

 [root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
 Filesystem label=
 OS type: Linux
 Block size=4096 (log=2)
 Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
 100576 inodes, 200804 blocks
 10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
 First data block=0
 Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
 7 block groups
 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
 14368 inodes per group
 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
 32768, 98304, 163840
 
Writing inode tables: done 
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

在 sdb6 上建立 ext3 分区

 [root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
 Filesystem label=
 OS type: Linux
 Block size=4096 (log=2)
 Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
 217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
 21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
 First data block=0
 Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
 14 block groups
 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
 15520 inodes per group
 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
 
Writing inode tables: done 
 Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
 [root@linuxidc ~]#

建立两个目录 /Oracle 和 /web，将新建好的两个分区挂载到系统

 [root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir /oracle
 [root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir /web
 [root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
 [root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web

查看分区挂载情况

 [root@linuxidc ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用 % 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
 6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% /
 /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
 tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 773M 808K 733M 1% /oracle
 /dev/sdb6 1.7G 35M 1.6G 3% /web

如果需要每次开机自动挂载则需要修改 /etc/fstab 文件，加入两行配置

 [root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/fstab
 
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext2 defaults 0 0
 /dev/sdb6 /web ext3 defaults 0 0

阿里云 2 核 2G 服务器 3M 带宽 61 元 1 年，有高配

腾讯云新客低至 82 元 / 年，老客户 99 元 / 年

代金券：在阿里云专用满减优惠券

正文完

星哥玩云-微信公众号

发表至： linux教程

2025-02-22

0

转载说明：除特殊说明外本站文章皆由CC-4.0协议发布，转载请注明出处。

【Linux面试真题】- 在 Linux 中什么是平均负载？

如何进行Linux操作系统的安全合规性检查和加固？

快速终端会话分享工具:tmate

新技能：通过代码缓存加速 Node.js 的启动

Helm

分享一个超级实用的 Linux 应用启动器Ulauncher

Linux终端文本编辑器

如何在 LinuxOS 启动时自动挂载任何分区？

Nginx设置404页面

详解:Linux 硬盘，格式化，分区详解

申请腾讯混元的API Key并且使用LobeChat调用混元AI

基于Docker快速搭建一个开源的IT人员在线工具箱-it-tools

Docker部署搭建一个开源强大的图书管理系统

让每个人都可以轻松使用Git-腾讯自研Git客户端

使用Docker部署开源的WPS-Office

细述：Fail2ban 阻止暴力破解案例

ifconfig已过时，来看看现在的新命令！

Handbrake：开源的视频格式转换软件

如何在Linux下进行SFTP用户权限设置

Linux虚拟机文件系统突然变成只读问题解决

	Command (m for help): m
	Command action
	a toggle a bootable flag
	b edit bsd disklabel
	c toggle the dos compatibility flag
	d delete a partition
	l list known partition types
	m print this menu
	n add a new partition
	o create a new empty DOS partition table
	p print the partition table
	q quit without saving changes
	s create a new empty Sun disklabel
	t change a partition's system id
	u change display/entry units
	v verify the partition table
	w write table to disk and exit
	x extra functionality (experts only)

	Command (m for help): p

	Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
	255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
	Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

	Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
	/dev/sdb1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM
	/dev/sdb2 2 26 200812+ 83 Linux

	Command (m for help): d
	Partition number (1-4): 1

	Command (m for help): d
	Selected partition 2

	Command (m for help): print

	Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
	255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
	Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

	Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

	Command (m for help):

	Command (m for help): n
	Command action
	e extended
	p primary partition (1-4)
	p // 建立主分区
	Partition number (1-4): 1 // 分区号
	First cylinder (1-391, default 1): // 分区起始位置
	Using default value 1
	Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 // 分区结束位置，单位为扇区

	Command (m for help): n // 再建立一个分区
	Command action
	e extended
	p primary partition (1-4)
	p
	Partition number (1-4): 2 // 分区号为 2
	First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
	Using default value 101
	Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M // 分区结束位置，单位为 M

	Command (m for help): n
	Command action
	l logical (5 or over)
	p primary partition (1-4)
	l // 选择逻辑分区
	First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
	Using default value 126
	Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M

	Command (m for help): n
	Command action
	l logical (5 or over)
	p primary partition (1-4)
	l
	First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
	Using default value 176
	Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
	Using default value 391

	Command (m for help): w
	The partition table has been altered!

	Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
	Syncing disks.

	[root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
	mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
	Filesystem label=
	OS type: Linux
	Block size=4096 (log=2)
	Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
	100576 inodes, 200804 blocks
	10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
	First data block=0
	Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
	7 block groups
	32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
	14368 inodes per group
	Superblock backups stored on blocks:
	32768, 98304, 163840

	Writing inode tables: done
	Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

	This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
	180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

	[root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
	mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
	Filesystem label=
	OS type: Linux
	Block size=4096 (log=2)
	Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
	217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
	21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
	First data block=0
	Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
	14 block groups
	32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
	15520 inodes per group
	Superblock backups stored on blocks:
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

	Writing inode tables: done
	Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
	Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

	This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
	180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
	[root@linuxidc ~]#

	[root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir /oracle
	[root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir /web
	[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
	[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web

	[root@linuxidc ~]# df -h
	文件系统容量已用可用已用 % 挂载点
	/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
	6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% /
	/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
	tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
	/dev/sdb1 773M 808K 733M 1% /oracle
	/dev/sdb6 1.7G 35M 1.6G 3% /web

	[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/fstab

	/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
	LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
	tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
	devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
	sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
	proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
	/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
	/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext2 defaults 0 0
	/dev/sdb6 /web ext3 defaults 0 0

详解:Linux 硬盘，格式化，分区 详解

详解:Linux 硬盘，格式化，分区详解