CentOS 5.9下安装配置Keepalived

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Keepalived 是由 C 语言编写的路由软件，是 lvs 的扩展项目，主要用作 RealServer 的健康状态检查以及 LoadBalance 主机和 BackUP 主机之间 failover 的实现。keepalived 是一个类似于 layer3, 4 & 7 交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第 3 层、第 4 层和第 7 层交换。本文主要介绍了其安装过程供大家参考。

1、获取安装软件

下载地址：http://www.keepalived.org/download.html

可以直接下载最新的版本 1.2.13，也可以通过 wget 自动下载

# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz

2、安装前提

a、确保 ipvs 已经被安装
# 如下，执行 ipvsadm 检查 ipvs 是否已经安装 (当前大多数 Linux 缺省已安装)
[root@HKBO ~]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

# 检查当前加载的内核模块，看是否存在 ip_vs 模块
[root@HKBO ~]# lsmod|grep ip_vs
ip_vs 122113 0

b、安装相应的依赖包
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 ncurses-devel bison libaio-devel \
> cmake libnl* libpopt* popt-static openssl-devel

3、安装 keepalived

[root@HKBO ~]# more /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.9 (Final)

# mkdir /usr/local/keepalived
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz
# tar -xvf keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.2.13
# ./configure –disable-fwmark –prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
……………
Keepalived configuration
————————
Keepalived version : 1.2.13
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2 -DETHERTYPE_IPV6=0x86dd
Extra Lib : -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
IPVS use libnl : No
fwmark socket support : No
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use VRRP VMAC : No
SNMP support : No
SHA1 support : No
Use Debug flags : No

# make && make install
# ls /usr/local/keepalived/ #查看安装完成后，生成了 4 个目录
bin etc sbin share

# cd /usr/local/keepalived/sbin
# ./keepalived –help #获取 keepalived 的一些帮助
Usage: ./keepalived [OPTION…]
-f, –use-file=FILE Use the specified configuration file
-P, –vrrp Only run with VRRP subsystem
-C, –check Only run with Health-checker subsystem
-l, –log-console Log messages to local console
-D, –log-detail Detailed log messages
-S, –log-facility=[0-7] Set syslog facility to LOG_LOCAL[0-7]
-V, –dont-release-vrrp Don’t remove VRRP VIPs and VROUTEs on daemon stop
-I, –dont-release-ipvs Don’t remove IPVS topology on daemon stop
-R, –dont-respawn Don’t respawn child processes
-n, –dont-fork Don’t fork the daemon process
-d, –dump-conf Dump the configuration data
-p, –pid=FILE Use specified pidfile for parent process
-r, –vrrp_pid=FILE Use specified pidfile for VRRP child process
-c, –checkers_pid=FILE Use specified pidfile for checkers child process
-v, –version Display the version number
-h, –help Display this help message

# mkdir /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

# service keepalived restart
Stopping keepalived: [FAILED]
Starting keepalived: [OK]

# service keepalived status
keepalived (pid 12092) is running…

# chkconfig keepalived on

# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.16/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.17/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.200.18/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

4、有关 keepalived.conf 的配置项

[root@HKBO keepalived]# more keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

# 全局定义块，包含邮件定义部分，
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL // 负载均衡器标识，在一个网络内，它应该是唯一的
}

#VRRP 实例定义块，负责负载均衡器之间的失败切换
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER // 只有 MASTER 和 BACKUP 2 种状态，主为 MASTER，从为 BACKUP，使用大写
interface eth0 // 监控的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51 // 同一实例下 virtual_router_id 必须相同
priority 100 // 定义优先级，数字越大，优先级越高
advert_int 1 //MASTER 与 BACKUP 负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔，单位是秒
authentication {// 验证类型和密码
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {// 虚拟 ip 地址 virtual_ipaddress, 可以定义多个
192.168.200.16
192.168.200.17
192.168.200.18
}
}

# 虚拟服务器定义块
virtual_server 192.168.200.100 443 {// 定义虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6 //delay_loop，健康检查时间间隔，单位是秒
lb_algo rr // 负载调度算法，这里设置为 rr，即轮询算法，互联网应用常使用 wlc 或 rr
lb_kind NAT // 负载均衡转发规则。一般包括 DR,NAT,TUN3 种，在我的方案中，都使用 DR 的方式
nat_mask 255.255.255.0 // 子网掩码
persistence_timeout 50 // 会话保持时间，单位是秒（可以适当延长时间以保持 session）
protocol TCP // 转发协议类型，有 tcp 和 udp 两种

real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {// 真实服务器 IP 及端口
weight 1 // 默认为 1,0 为失效
SSL_GET {
url {
path /
digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
}
url {
path /mrtg/
digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}

virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind NAT
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP

sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358

real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl3/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}

real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}

5、配置主备 keepalived

a、配置主备 keepalived
# 主，以下主要列出 keepalived.conf 差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
192.168.1.230
}
}

# 备，以下主要列出 keepalived.conf 差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
192.168.1.230
}
}

b、测试主备 keepalived
# 启动主服务器上的 keepalived 服务
[root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [OK]

[root@SZ-SYS-APP01 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0 #可以看到 220 和 230 的虚 IP
inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

# 启动备用服务器上的 keepalived 服务
[root@BACKUP ~]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [OK]
# 下面的查询结果中，虚 IP220 和 230 并为出现在备用服务器
[root@HKBO ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

# 关闭主服务上的 keepalived 服务，观察 vip 是否会漂移到备用服务
[root@MASTER ~]# service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [OK]
[root@MASTER ~]# ip addr #关闭后，该命令可以看到 220 和 230 的虚 IP 已经不存在于主服务器
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:1f:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.65/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:1f37/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

# 此时在备用服务器上查看到了漂移的 vip 地址
[root@BACKUP ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:84:04:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.66/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.220/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.230/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe84:42c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

# 如果再次启动主服务器上的 keepalived 服务，则会 vip 自动漂移到主服务器，不再验证。
#Author : Leshami
#Blog：http://www.linuxidc.com

6、配置双主 keepalived

双主的 keepalived 方式实际上是互为主备，以避免单点故障
# 配置主备 keepalived
MasterA: 192.168.1.65, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.220
MasterB: 192.168.1.66, VirtualIP: 192.168.1.230
# 主，以下主要列出 keepalived.conf 差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
}
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.230
}
}

# 备，以下主要列出 keepalived.conf 差异部分
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220
}
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.230
}
}

# 从上面的配置文件中可以看出，实际上是增加了一个 vrrp 实例
# 验证过程略

7、编译时的错误 No SO_MARK

# 如果在编译时碰到了 No SO_MARK 错误，如下
# ./configure
checking for gcc… gcc
checking whether the C compiler works… yes
checking for C compiler default output file name… a.out
checking for suffix of executables…
checking whether we are cross compiling… no
checking for suffix of object files… o
………..
checking for nl_socket_alloc in -lnl-3… no
checking for nl_socket_modify_cb in -lnl… no
configure: WARNING: keepalived will be built without libnl support.
checking for kernel version… 2.6.18
checking for IPVS syncd support… yes
checking for kernel macvlan support… no
checking whether SO_MARK is declared… no
configure: error: No SO_MARK declaration in headers

# 可以通过增加 disable-fwmark 参数来解决
–disable-fwmark compile without SO_MARK support

CentOS 6.3 下 Haproxy+Keepalived+Apache 配置笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85598.htm

Haproxy + KeepAlived 实现 WEB 群集 on CentOS 6 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55672.htm

Keepalived+Haproxy 配置高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/56748.htm

Haproxy+Keepalived 构建高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55880.htm

CentOS 7 上配置 LVS + Keepalived + ipvsadm http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109237.htm

Keepalived 高可用集群搭建 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106965.htm

Keepalived 的详细介绍 ：请点这里
Keepalived 的下载地址 ：请点这里

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