Hadoop2.7.1 集群搭建记录

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总结
- 除了配置 hosts，和免密码互连之外，先在一台机器上装好所有东西
- 配置好之后，拷贝虚拟机，配置 hosts 和免密码互连
- 之前在公司装的时候 jdk 用的 32 位，Hadoop 的 native 包不能正常加载，浪费好多时间自己编译，所以 jdk 务必 64 位
- 配置免密码互连

准备文件
1. linuxmint17x64
2. jdk1.8 x64 一定要 64 位，除非你想自己去编译 hadoop 的 native 包
3. hadoop2.7.1
4. VirtualBox
5. MobaXterm SSH 工具用 putty 也可以，随意
虚拟机安装和配置

我们需要三台虚拟机，可以先装一台虚拟机，下载好 hadoop，配置好 JDK，设置好环境变量后拷贝虚拟机

安装第一台虚拟机

安装的步骤不说了，说一下注意点
- 注意共享粘贴板
- 多添加一块网卡，选择 ”HostOnly”, 这样我们应该就有两个网卡一个 NAT，一个 HostOnly.
- 安装的时候会有一步下载语言包，这步直接 Skip.

安装需要用到的软件和一些设置，其实这块才是最麻烦的

查看一下你当前的组groups

sudo chown -R hadoop /opt
sudo chgrp -R hadoop /opt

安装 openssh-server，linuxmint 默认应该是没有装过的. sudo apt-get install openssh-server
关闭防火墙 sudo ufw disable
查看防火墙状态 sudo ufw status inactive
安装 vim，sudo apt-get install vim
修改 hostname(三台机器的 hostname 最好不一样，比如我是 master-hadoop,slave1-hadoop,slave2-hadoop, 为了好区分)
- Debian 系: vi /etc/hostname
- RedHat 系: vi /etc/sysconfig/network
- 重启

安装 JDK

用 MobaXterm 连接到虚拟机(自己查看一下 IP，第一台应该是 192.168.56.101)
创建 lib 目录用来存放一些会用到的组建，比如 jdk
- mkdir /opt/lib
把下载的 jdk 上传到 /opt/lib 中(用 MX 直接可以拖放进去)
解压 jdk tar -zxvf jdk-8u92-linux-x64.tar.gz
mv jdk1.8.0_92 jdk8 重命名一下文件夹名称
看一下现在的目录结构，注意下 own 和 grp 都是 hadoop(也可以不是 hadoop, 但是最好和 hadoop 相关的文件目录都属于一个组，防止权限不足等情况)

hadoop@hadoop-pc / $ cd /opt/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt $ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x  4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  2 00:33 ./
drwxr-xr-x 23 root   root   4096 Jul  1 23:23 ../
drwxr-xr-x  3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 29  2015 firefox/
drwxr-xr-x  3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  2 01:04 lib/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt $ cd lib/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib $ ll
total 177156
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop      4096 Jul  2 01:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop      4096 Jul  2 00:33 ../
drwxr-xr-x 8 hadoop hadoop      4096 Apr  1 12:20 jdk8/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 181389058 Jul  2 01:00 jdk-8u92-linux-x64.tar.gz
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib $ mkdir package
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib $ mv jdk-8u92-linux-x64.tar.gz package/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib $ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  2 01:08 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  2 00:33 ../
drwxr-xr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr  1 12:20 jdk8/
drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  2 01:08 package/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib $ cd jdk8/
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib/jdk8 $ ll
total 25916
drwxr-xr-x 8 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:20 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop     4096 Jul  2 01:08 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 bin/
-r--r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop     3244 Apr  1 12:17 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 db/
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 include/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop  5090294 Apr  1 11:33 Javafx-src.zip*
drwxr-xr-x 5 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 jre/
drwxr-xr-x 5 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 lib/
-r--r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop       40 Apr  1 12:17 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop     4096 Apr  1 12:17 man/
-r--r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop      159 Apr  1 12:17 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop      525 Apr  1 12:17 release
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 21104834 Apr  1 12:17 src.zip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop   110114 Apr  1 11:33 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt*
-r--r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop   177094 Apr  1 12:17 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
hadoop@hadoop-pc /opt/lib/jdk8 $

设置 JAVA_HOME 和环境变量

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

if ["$PS1" ]; then
  if ["$BASH" ] && ["$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
    # PS1='\h:\w\$'
    if [-f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bash.bashrc
    fi
  else
    if ["`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
      PS1='#'
    else
      PS1='$'
    fi
  fi
fi

# The default umask is now handled by pam_umask.
# See pam_umask(8) and /etc/login.defs.

if [-d /etc/profile.d]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [-r $i]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
  unset i
fi
#ADD HERE
JAVA_HOME=/opt/lib/jdk8
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH
export PATH

检查 JAVA 版本和环境变量

hadoop@hadoop-pc / $ java -version
java version "1.8.0_92"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_92-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.92-b14, mixed mode)
hadoop@hadoop-pc / $ echo $JAVA_HOME
/opt/lib/jdk8
hadoop@hadoop-pc / $ echo $CLASSPATH
.:/opt/lib/jdk8/lib/dt.jar:/opt/lib/jdk8/lib/tools.jar
hadoop@hadoop-pc / $ echo $PATH
/opt/lib/jdk8/bin:/opt/lib/jdk8/bin:/opt/lib/jdk8/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
hadoop@hadoop-pc / $

建立几个 hadoop 需要用的文件夹
- tmp 目录
  - mkdir /opt/hadoop-tmp
- hdfs 目录
  - mkdir /opt/hadoop-dfs
  - name 目录
    - mkdir /opt/hadoop-dfs/name
  - data 目录
上传 hadoop
- 用 MX 把 hadoop 的压缩包上传到 /opt, 或者在 /opt 下 wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.1/hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz
- tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz
- mv hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz lib/package/ 把压缩包备份到 package
- mv hadoop-2.7.1 hadoop 重命名一下文件夹
修改一下 hadoop 的配置文件

hadoop 的配置文件在 /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop 下面

core-site.xml

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://master:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>file:/opt/hadoop-tmp</value>
                <description>Abasefor other temporary directories.</description>
        </property>
</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
                <value>master:9001</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>file:/opt/hadoop-dfs/name</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
                <value>file:/opt/hadoop-dfs/data</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>3</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

mapred-site.xml

cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
        <value>master:10020</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
        <value>master:19888</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
        <value>master:8032</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>master:8030</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
        <value>master:8035</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
        <value>master:8033</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
        <value>master:8088</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

slaves
- 1
  
  2
  
  slave1
  
  slave2
hadoop-env.sh
- 修改 JAVA_HOME
```
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/lib/jdk8
```
yarn-env.sh
- 添加 JAVA_HOME 环境变量
```
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/lib/jdk
```

到此第一个虚拟机配置的差不多了，把这个虚拟机拷贝两份(注意是完全复制，并且需要重置 mac 地址)，就有了三台虚拟机，分别为 master,slave1,slave2
- 修改 slave1 和 slave2 的 hostname 为 slave1-hadoop,slave2-hadoop
- 修改三台机器的 hosts
  - 192.168.56.101 master
    192.168.56.102 slave1
    192.168.56.103 slave2
- ip 不一定，需要自己看下虚机的 ip

配置 master 可以免密码登录其它两台机器和自己

在 master 上操作
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ”，一切都选择默认操作，该输密码输密码
ssh-copy-id hadoop@master
ssh-copy-id hadoop@slave1
ssh-copy-id hadoop@slave2

完成之后测试一下 ssh slave1 正常情况下应该不用密码就直接连接到 slave1 上

hadoop@master-hadoop ~ $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5c:c9:4c:0c:b6:28:eb:21:b9:6f:db:6e:3f:ee:0d:9a hadoop@master-hadoop
The key's randomart image is:
+--[RSA 2048]----+
|        oo.      |
|       o =..     |
|    . . . =      |
|   . o . .       |
|  o o   S        |
|   + .           |
|  . .   .        |
|   ....o.o       |
|   .o+E++..      |
+-----------------+
hadoop@master-hadoop ~ $ ssh-copy-id hadoop@slave1
The authenticity of host 'slave1 (192.168.56.102)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is d8:fc:32:ed:a7:2c:e1:c7:d7:15:89:b9:f6:97:fb:c3.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
hadoop@slave1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh'hadoop@slave1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

格式化 namenode
- ./bin/hdfs namenode –format

启动 hadoop 验证一下

./sbin/start-all.sh

正常的日志应该是这样:

hadoop@master-hadoop /opt/hadoop/sbin $ ./start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [master]
master: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master-hadoop.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1-hadoop.out
slave2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2-hadoop.out
Starting secondary namenodes [master]
master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master-hadoop.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-master-hadoop.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1-hadoop.out
slave2: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave2-hadoop.out

看下三个节点的 jps

hadoop@master-hadoop /opt/hadoop/sbin $ jps
5858 ResourceManager
5706 SecondaryNameNode
5514 NameNode
6108 Jps


hadoop@slave2-hadoop ~ $ jps
3796 Jps
3621 NodeManager
3510 DataNode


hadoop@slave1-hadoop ~ $ jps
3786 Jps
3646 NodeManager
3535 DataNode