共计 41987 个字符，预计需要花费 105 分钟才能阅读完成。
Tomcat 详解
1、tomcat 安装
| tomcat 的组件：<Server> | |
| <Service> | |
| <connector/> | |
| <connector/> | |
| <Engine> | |
| <Host /> | |
| <Host> | |
| <Context/> | |
| ... | |
| </Host> | |
| </Engine> | |
| </Service> | |
| </Server> | |
| 每个组件，均有 java 类来实现；此些组件可分为如下几类：顶级组件：Server | |
| 服务类：Service | |
| 连接器：http, https, ajp(apache jserv protocol) | |
| 容器类：Engine, Host, Context | |
| 被嵌套的组件：valve, logger, realm, loader, manager | |
| 集群类组件：listener, ... |
OS 版本 CentOS 7
(1)系统自带的 openjdk+tomcat
| - 查看 yum 仓库中 jdk 版本：yum list all *jdk* | |
| 仓库中现有的 openjdk 版本为 | |
| java-1.6.0-openjdk | |
| java-1.7.0-openjdk | |
| java-1.8.0-openjdk | |
| - 本次测试使用 java-1.7.0-openjdk：yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel -y | |
| - 设定 java 的环境变量($JAVA_HOME)：查看 java 目录 | |
| [root@localhost ~]# which java | |
| /usr/bin/java | |
| [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/java | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 4 月 26 09:46 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java | |
| [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/alternatives/java | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 75 4 月 26 09:46 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.13 | |
| 1-2.6.9.0.el7_3.x86_64/jre/bin/java | |
| ~]# java -version 查看 bin 目录环境变量是否正常 | |
| java version "1.7.0_131" | |
| OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.9.0.el7_3-x86_64 u131-b00) | |
| OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.131-b00, mixed mode) | |
| 添加 $JAVA_HOME | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| export JAVA_HOME=/usr/bin | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME | |
| /usr/bin | |
| -tomcat 安装 | |
| ~]# yum install tomcat tomcat-lib tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-webapps | |
| tomcat 的配置文件查看 | |
| ~]# rpm -ql tomcat | |
| /etc/logrotate.d/tomcat | |
| /etc/sysconfig/tomcat | |
| /etc/tomcat | |
| /etc/tomcat/Catalina | |
| /etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost | |
| /etc/tomcat/catalina.policy | |
| /etc/tomcat/catalina.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/conf.d | |
| /etc/tomcat/conf.d/README | |
| /etc/tomcat/context.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/log4j.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/logging.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/server.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf | |
| /etc/tomcat/web.xml | |
| /usr/bin/tomcat-digest | |
| /usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper | |
| /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service | |
| /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/functions | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/server | |
| /usr/sbin/tomcat | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69 | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/LICENSE | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/NOTICE | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/RELEASE-NOTES | |
| /usr/share/tomcat | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/conf | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/lib | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/logs | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/temp | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/webapps | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/work | |
| /var/cache/tomcat | |
| /var/cache/tomcat/temp | |
| /var/cache/tomcat/work | |
| /var/lib/tomcat | |
| /var/lib/tomcat/webapps | |
| /var/lib/tomcats | |
| /var/log/tomcat | |
| /var/log/tomcat/catalina.out | |
| - tomcat 开启：8080 和 8009 端口均正常开启 | |
| 默认连接器：http, 8080 | |
| ajp, 8009 | |
| ~]# systemctl start tomcat.service | |
| ~]# ss -tnlp | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1078,fd=3))LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1423,fd=13))LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=2942,fd=47))LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=2942,fd=46))LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1078,fd=4))LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1423,fd=14)) |
(2)使用 Oracle JDK 和 tomcat 提供的编译完成的程序包
| - Oracle JKD 安装 | |
| ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm | |
| 准备中... ################################# [100%] | |
| 正在升级 / 安装... | |
| 1:jdk-2000:1.7.0_79-fcs ################################# [100%] | |
| Unpacking JAR files... | |
| rt.jar... | |
| jsse.jar... | |
| charsets.jar... | |
| tools.jar... | |
| localedata.jar... | |
| jfxrt.jar... | |
| - java 环境变量设置 | |
| 查看 java 目录 | |
| ~]# ls -l /usr/java/ | |
| 总用量 4 | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 4 月 26 10:23 default -> /usr/java/latest | |
| drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 4 月 26 10:23 jdk1.7.0_79 | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 4 月 26 10:23 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 | |
| java 的 bin 目录 | |
| ~]# cd /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/ | |
| jdk1.7.0_79]# ls | |
| bin include LICENSE release THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt | |
| COPYRIGHT jre man src.zip | |
| db lib README.html THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt | |
| jdk1.7.0_79]# ls bin | |
| appletviewer jarsigner javap jdb jps jvisualvm rmic tnameserv | |
| apt java java-rmi.cgi jhat jrunscript keytool rmid unpack200 | |
| ControlPanel javac javaws jinfo jsadebugd native2ascii rmiregistry wsgen | |
| extcheck javadoc jcmd jmap jstack orbd schemagen wsimport | |
| idlj javafxpackager jconsole jmc jstat pack200 serialver xjc | |
| jar javah jcontrol jmc.ini jstatd policytool servertool | |
| 设定环境变量，添加 JAVA_HOME 和 PATH | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest | |
| PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH | |
| export JAVA_HOME PATH | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME | |
| /usr/java/latest | |
| ~]# echo $PATH | |
| /usr/java/latest/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin | |
| ~]# java -version | |
| java version "1.7.0_79" | |
| Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15) | |
| Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) | |
| - 安装 tomcat | |
| ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ | |
| ~]# cd /usr/local/ | |
| local]# ll | |
| 总用量 0 | |
| drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 149 4 月 26 10:34 apache-tomcat-7.0.55 | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 bin | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 etc | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 games | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 include | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 lib | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 lib64 | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 libexec | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 sbin | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 11 月 7 16:32 share | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 src | |
| local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.55 tomcat | |
| ocal]# cd tomcat/ | |
| tomcat]# ls 目录结构 | |
| bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work | |
| tomcat]# ls conf/ | |
| catalina.policy context.xml server.xml web.xml | |
| catalina.properties logging.properties tomcat-users.xml | |
| tomcat]# ls webapps/ | |
| docs examples host-manager manager ROOT | |
| tomcat]# ls bin/ | |
| bootstrap.jar commons-daemon-native.tar.gz digest.sh startup.bat tool-wrapper.sh | |
| catalina.bat configtest.bat setclasspath.bat startup.sh version.bat | |
| catalina.sh configtest.sh setclasspath.sh tomcat-juli.jar version.sh | |
| catalina-tasks.xml daemon.sh shutdown.bat tomcat-native.tar.gz | |
| commons-daemon.jar digest.bat shutdown.sh tool-wrapper.bat | |
| - 设定 tomcat 环境变量 | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh | |
| CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat | |
| PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH | |
| export CATALINA_BASE PATH | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh | |
| ~]# catalina.sh --help | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Usage: catalina.sh (commands ...) | |
| commands: | |
| debug Start Catalina in a debugger | |
| debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager | |
| jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger | |
| run Start Catalina in the current window | |
| run -security Start in the current window with security manager | |
| start Start Catalina in a separate window | |
| start -security Start in a separate window with security manager | |
| stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end | |
| stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end | |
| stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running | |
| stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running | |
| configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result | |
| version What version of tomcat are you running? | |
| Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined | |
| - 开启 tomcat | |
| ~]# catalina.sh configtest 检测配置文件是否正常 | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:10 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init | |
| 信息: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environmen | |
| ts was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load | |
| 信息: Initialization processed in 1328 ms | |
| ~]# catalina.sh start 开启 tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Tomcat started. | |
| ~]# ss -tnlp | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=3))LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=13))LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16417,fd=43))LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16417,fd=42))LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=4))LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=14)) | |
| 目录文件查看：~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/ | |
| tomcat]# ls | |
| bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work | |
| tomcat]# cd webapps/ | |
| [root@localhost webapps]# ls | |
| docs examples host-manager manager ROOT | |
| webapps]# tree manager/ | |
| manager/ | |
| ├── images | |
| │ ├── add.gif | |
| │ ├── asf-logo.gif | |
| │ ├── code.gif | |
| │ ├── design.gif | |
| │ ├── docs.gif | |
| │ ├── fix.gif | |
| │ ├── tomcat.gif | |
| │ ├── update.gif | |
| │ └── void.gif | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── META-INF | |
| │ └── context.xml | |
| ├── status.xsd | |
| ├── WEB-INF | |
| │ ├── jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 401.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 403.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 404.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── sessionDetail.jsp | |
| │ │ └── sessionsList.jsp | |
| │ └── web.xml | |
| └── xform.xsl | |
| 4 directories, 19 files | |
| webapps]# tree ROOT/ | |
| ROOT/ | |
| ├── asf-logo.png | |
| ├── asf-logo-wide.gif | |
| ├── bg-button.png | |
| ├── bg-middle.png | |
| ├── bg-nav-item.png | |
| ├── bg-nav.png | |
| ├── bg-upper.png | |
| ├── build.xml | |
| ├── favicon.ico | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── RELEASE-NOTES.txt | |
| ├── tomcat.css | |
| ├── tomcat.gif | |
| ├── tomcat.png | |
| ├── tomcat-power.gif | |
| ├── tomcat.svg | |
| └── WEB-INF | |
| └── web.xml | |
| 1 directory, 17 files | |
| webapps]# tree host-manager/ | |
| host-manager/ | |
| ├── images | |
| │ ├── add.gif | |
| │ ├── asf-logo.gif | |
| │ ├── code.gif | |
| │ ├── design.gif | |
| │ ├── docs.gif | |
| │ ├── fix.gif | |
| │ ├── tomcat.gif | |
| │ ├── update.gif | |
| │ └── void.gif | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── manager.xml | |
| ├── META-INF | |
| │ └── context.xml | |
| └── WEB-INF | |
| ├── jsp | |
| │ ├── 401.jsp | |
| │ ├── 403.jsp | |
| │ └── 404.jsp | |
| └── web.xml |
tomcat 的配置文件：
server.xml：主配置文件；context.xml：每个 webapp 都可以有专用的配置文件，这些配置文件通常位于 webapp 程序目录下的 WEB-INF 目录中，用于定义会话管理顺、JDBC 等；conf/context.xml 是为各 webapp 提供默认配置；web.xml：每个 webapp 只有在“部署”之后才能够被访问；此文件则用于为各 webapps 定义默认的部署操作方式；tomcat-users.xml：用户认证的账号和密码配置文件；catalina.policy：当使用 -security 选项来启动 tomcat 实例时会读取此配置文件来实现基于安全策略的运行方式；catalina.properties：Java 属性的定义文件，用于设定类加载器路径等，以及一些与 JVM 性能相关的调优参数；logging.properties：日志系统相关的配置；
Java Webapp 的组织结构：
| 有特定的组织形式、层次型的目录结构；主要包含了 servlet 代码文件、JSP 页面文件、类文件、部署描述符文件等；/：webapps 的根目录 | |
| index.jsp：jsp 的主页面文件 | |
| WEB-INF/：当前 webapp 的私有资源目录，通常存放当前 webapp 自用的 web.xml；META-INF/：当前 webapp 的私有资源目录，通常存储当前 webapp 自用的 context.xml；classes/: 当前 webapp 的私有类；lib/：当前 webapp 的私有类，被打包成 jar 格式；webapp 归档格式：.war：webapp | |
| .jar：EJB 的类；.rar：资源适配器；.ear：企业级应用程序； |
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143622p2.htm
2、tomcat 应用程序部署
| 部署（deploy）webapp 的相关操作：deploy：将 webapp 的源文件放置于目标目录、配置 tomcat 服务器能够基于 context.xml 文件中定义的路径来访问此 webapp；将其特有的类通过 class loader 装载至 tomcat：有两种方式：自动部署：auto deploy | |
| 手动部署：(1) 冷部署：把 webapp 复制到指定位置，而后才启动 tomcat；(2) 热部署：在不停止 tomcat 的前提下进行的部署：部署工具：manager app、ant 脚本、tcd（Tomcat Client Deployer）等；undeploy：反部署，停止 webapp，并从 tomcat 实例上拆除其部署文件和部署名；stop：停止，不再向用户提供服务；start：启动处于“停止”状态的 webapp；redeploy：重新部署；tomcat 自带的应用程序：manager app: webapp 管理工具；host manager: VHosts 管理工具； |
(1)手动创建一个测试应用程序
| ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ | |
| webapps]# ls | |
| docs examples host-manager manager ROOT | |
| webapps]# mkdir myapp | |
| webapps]# cd myapp/ | |
| myapp]# mkdir class lib WEB-INF META-INF | |
| [root@localhost myapp]# ls | |
| class lib META-INF WEB-INF | |
| myapp]# vim index.jsp | |
| myapp]# cat index.jsp | |
| <%@ page language="java" %> | |
| <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <% out.println("hello world"); | |
| %> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
| 此时由于 tomcat 默认为热部署，所以网页已经可以正常访问 | |
| tomcat 会默认把 jsp 网页编译成 java 语言 | |
| cd /usr/local/tomcat/work/Catalina/localhost/myapp/org/apache/jsp/ | |
| ls | |
| index_jsp.class index_jsp.java |
(2)tomcat 自带的应用程序
| 提示用户在 conf/tomcat-users.xml 下进行配置 | |
| ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/ | |
| conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml | |
| 在 <tomcat-users> 下面添加 | |
| <role rolename="manager-gui"/> | |
| <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/> | |
| 重启 tomcat 服务 | |
| conf]# catalina.sh stop | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| conf]# catalina.sh configtest | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| 四月 26, 2017 12:18:23 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init | |
| 信息: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environmen | |
| ts was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib 四月 26, 2017 12:18:24 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 12:18:24 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 12:18:24 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load | |
| 信息: Initialization processed in 1348 ms | |
| conf]# catalina.sh start | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Tomcat started. | |
| conf]# ss -tnlp | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=3))LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=13))LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16600,fd=43))LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16600,fd=42))LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=4))LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=14)) |
管理页面可以对 web app 进行部署，开启，关闭，reload，update
(3)部署一个商城 app 进行测试
| 商城 app 解压 | |
| ~]# unzip shopxx-a5-Beta.zip | |
| ~]# ls | |
| all.sql apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz shopxx-a5-Beta.zip 说明.htm | |
| anaconda-ks.cfg jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm shopxx-v3.0-Beta | |
| 将文件 mv 至部署目录 | |
| ~]# cd shopxx-v3.0-Beta/shopxx-3.0Beta/ | |
| shopxx-3.0Beta]# ls | |
| admin favicon.ico install META-INF robots.txt upload | |
| changelog.txt index.jsp license.html resources shopxx.txt WEB-INF | |
| hopxx-3.0Beta]# ls install/ | |
| check_encoding.jsp css index.html install_demo.jsp js | |
| check.jsp data index.jsp install_init.jsp sample | |
| common.jsp images install_config.jsp install.jsp setting.jsp | |
| shopxx-3.0Beta]# cd .. | |
| shopxx-v3.0-Beta]# ls | |
| shopxx-3.0Beta | |
| shopxx-v3.0-Beta]# mv shopxx-3.0Beta/ /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/shopxx |
此时网站已经可以正常访问
| 配置后台数据库 | |
| ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server | |
| ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service | |
| ~]# mysql | |
| Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. | |
| Your MariaDB connection id is 2 | |
| Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server | |
| Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. | |
| Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON shopxx.* to shopxx@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'shopxx'; | |
| Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON shopxx.* to shopxx@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'shopxx'; | |
| Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; | |
| Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> exit | |
| Bye |
安装提示删除 install 目录，并重启
| cd /usr/local/tomcat/ | |
| ls | |
| bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work | |
| cd webapps/ | |
| ls | |
| docs examples host-manager manager myapp ROOT shopxx | |
| cd shopxx/ | |
| ls | |
| admin changelog.txt index.html license.html product robots.txt sitemap WEB-INF | |
| article favicon.ico install META-INF resources shopxx.txt upload | |
| mv install/ install.bak |
此时我的 tomcat 管理界面上已经有 shopxx 应用，进行 reload 操作，或者使用 catalina.sh 进行 stop 再 start
此时网站部署完成
Tomcat 详解
1、tomcat 安装
| tomcat 的组件：<Server> | |
| <Service> | |
| <connector/> | |
| <connector/> | |
| <Engine> | |
| <Host /> | |
| <Host> | |
| <Context/> | |
| ... | |
| </Host> | |
| </Engine> | |
| </Service> | |
| </Server> | |
| 每个组件，均有 java 类来实现；此些组件可分为如下几类：顶级组件：Server | |
| 服务类：Service | |
| 连接器：http, https, ajp(apache jserv protocol) | |
| 容器类：Engine, Host, Context | |
| 被嵌套的组件：valve, logger, realm, loader, manager | |
| 集群类组件：listener, ... |
OS 版本 CentOS 7
(1)系统自带的 openjdk+tomcat
| - 查看 yum 仓库中 jdk 版本：yum list all *jdk* | |
| 仓库中现有的 openjdk 版本为 | |
| java-1.6.0-openjdk | |
| java-1.7.0-openjdk | |
| java-1.8.0-openjdk | |
| - 本次测试使用 java-1.7.0-openjdk：yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel -y | |
| - 设定 java 的环境变量($JAVA_HOME)：查看 java 目录 | |
| [root@localhost ~]# which java | |
| /usr/bin/java | |
| [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/java | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 4 月 26 09:46 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java | |
| [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/alternatives/java | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 75 4 月 26 09:46 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.13 | |
| 1-2.6.9.0.el7_3.x86_64/jre/bin/java | |
| ~]# java -version 查看 bin 目录环境变量是否正常 | |
| java version "1.7.0_131" | |
| OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.9.0.el7_3-x86_64 u131-b00) | |
| OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.131-b00, mixed mode) | |
| 添加 $JAVA_HOME | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| export JAVA_HOME=/usr/bin | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME | |
| /usr/bin | |
| -tomcat 安装 | |
| ~]# yum install tomcat tomcat-lib tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-webapps | |
| tomcat 的配置文件查看 | |
| ~]# rpm -ql tomcat | |
| /etc/logrotate.d/tomcat | |
| /etc/sysconfig/tomcat | |
| /etc/tomcat | |
| /etc/tomcat/Catalina | |
| /etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost | |
| /etc/tomcat/catalina.policy | |
| /etc/tomcat/catalina.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/conf.d | |
| /etc/tomcat/conf.d/README | |
| /etc/tomcat/context.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/log4j.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/logging.properties | |
| /etc/tomcat/server.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml | |
| /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf | |
| /etc/tomcat/web.xml | |
| /usr/bin/tomcat-digest | |
| /usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper | |
| /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service | |
| /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/functions | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble | |
| /usr/libexec/tomcat/server | |
| /usr/sbin/tomcat | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69 | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/LICENSE | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/NOTICE | |
| /usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.69/RELEASE-NOTES | |
| /usr/share/tomcat | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/conf | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/lib | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/logs | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/temp | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/webapps | |
| /usr/share/tomcat/work | |
| /var/cache/tomcat | |
| /var/cache/tomcat/temp | |
| /var/cache/tomcat/work | |
| /var/lib/tomcat | |
| /var/lib/tomcat/webapps | |
| /var/lib/tomcats | |
| /var/log/tomcat | |
| /var/log/tomcat/catalina.out | |
| - tomcat 开启：8080 和 8009 端口均正常开启 | |
| 默认连接器：http, 8080 | |
| ajp, 8009 | |
| ~]# systemctl start tomcat.service | |
| ~]# ss -tnlp | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1078,fd=3))LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1423,fd=13))LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=2942,fd=47))LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=2942,fd=46))LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1078,fd=4))LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1423,fd=14)) |
(2)使用 Oracle JDK 和 tomcat 提供的编译完成的程序包
| - Oracle JKD 安装 | |
| ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm | |
| 准备中... ################################# [100%] | |
| 正在升级 / 安装... | |
| 1:jdk-2000:1.7.0_79-fcs ################################# [100%] | |
| Unpacking JAR files... | |
| rt.jar... | |
| jsse.jar... | |
| charsets.jar... | |
| tools.jar... | |
| localedata.jar... | |
| jfxrt.jar... | |
| - java 环境变量设置 | |
| 查看 java 目录 | |
| ~]# ls -l /usr/java/ | |
| 总用量 4 | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 4 月 26 10:23 default -> /usr/java/latest | |
| drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 4 月 26 10:23 jdk1.7.0_79 | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 4 月 26 10:23 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 | |
| java 的 bin 目录 | |
| ~]# cd /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/ | |
| jdk1.7.0_79]# ls | |
| bin include LICENSE release THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt | |
| COPYRIGHT jre man src.zip | |
| db lib README.html THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt | |
| jdk1.7.0_79]# ls bin | |
| appletviewer jarsigner javap jdb jps jvisualvm rmic tnameserv | |
| apt java java-rmi.cgi jhat jrunscript keytool rmid unpack200 | |
| ControlPanel javac javaws jinfo jsadebugd native2ascii rmiregistry wsgen | |
| extcheck javadoc jcmd jmap jstack orbd schemagen wsimport | |
| idlj javafxpackager jconsole jmc jstat pack200 serialver xjc | |
| jar javah jcontrol jmc.ini jstatd policytool servertool | |
| 设定环境变量，添加 JAVA_HOME 和 PATH | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest | |
| PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH | |
| export JAVA_HOME PATH | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh | |
| ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME | |
| /usr/java/latest | |
| ~]# echo $PATH | |
| /usr/java/latest/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin | |
| ~]# java -version | |
| java version "1.7.0_79" | |
| Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15) | |
| Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) | |
| - 安装 tomcat | |
| ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ | |
| ~]# cd /usr/local/ | |
| local]# ll | |
| 总用量 0 | |
| drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 149 4 月 26 10:34 apache-tomcat-7.0.55 | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 bin | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 etc | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 games | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 include | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 lib | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 lib64 | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 libexec | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 sbin | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 11 月 7 16:32 share | |
| drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8 月 12 2015 src | |
| local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.55 tomcat | |
| ocal]# cd tomcat/ | |
| tomcat]# ls 目录结构 | |
| bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work | |
| tomcat]# ls conf/ | |
| catalina.policy context.xml server.xml web.xml | |
| catalina.properties logging.properties tomcat-users.xml | |
| tomcat]# ls webapps/ | |
| docs examples host-manager manager ROOT | |
| tomcat]# ls bin/ | |
| bootstrap.jar commons-daemon-native.tar.gz digest.sh startup.bat tool-wrapper.sh | |
| catalina.bat configtest.bat setclasspath.bat startup.sh version.bat | |
| catalina.sh configtest.sh setclasspath.sh tomcat-juli.jar version.sh | |
| catalina-tasks.xml daemon.sh shutdown.bat tomcat-native.tar.gz | |
| commons-daemon.jar digest.bat shutdown.sh tool-wrapper.bat | |
| - 设定 tomcat 环境变量 | |
| ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh | |
| CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat | |
| PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH | |
| export CATALINA_BASE PATH | |
| ~]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh | |
| ~]# catalina.sh --help | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Usage: catalina.sh (commands ...) | |
| commands: | |
| debug Start Catalina in a debugger | |
| debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager | |
| jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger | |
| run Start Catalina in the current window | |
| run -security Start in the current window with security manager | |
| start Start Catalina in a separate window | |
| start -security Start in a separate window with security manager | |
| stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end | |
| stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end | |
| stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running | |
| stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running | |
| configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result | |
| version What version of tomcat are you running? | |
| Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined | |
| - 开启 tomcat | |
| ~]# catalina.sh configtest 检测配置文件是否正常 | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:10 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init | |
| 信息: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environmen | |
| ts was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init | |
| 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] | |
| 四月 26, 2017 10:40:11 上午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load | |
| 信息: Initialization processed in 1328 ms | |
| ~]# catalina.sh start 开启 tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Tomcat started. | |
| ~]# ss -tnlp | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=3))LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=13))LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16417,fd=43))LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| users:(("java",pid=16417,fd=42))LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| users:(("sshd",pid=1071,fd=4))LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| users:(("master",pid=1429,fd=14)) | |
| 目录文件查看：~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/ | |
| tomcat]# ls | |
| bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work | |
| tomcat]# cd webapps/ | |
| [root@localhost webapps]# ls | |
| docs examples host-manager manager ROOT | |
| webapps]# tree manager/ | |
| manager/ | |
| ├── images | |
| │ ├── add.gif | |
| │ ├── asf-logo.gif | |
| │ ├── code.gif | |
| │ ├── design.gif | |
| │ ├── docs.gif | |
| │ ├── fix.gif | |
| │ ├── tomcat.gif | |
| │ ├── update.gif | |
| │ └── void.gif | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── META-INF | |
| │ └── context.xml | |
| ├── status.xsd | |
| ├── WEB-INF | |
| │ ├── jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 401.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 403.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── 404.jsp | |
| │ │ ├── sessionDetail.jsp | |
| │ │ └── sessionsList.jsp | |
| │ └── web.xml | |
| └── xform.xsl | |
| 4 directories, 19 files | |
| webapps]# tree ROOT/ | |
| ROOT/ | |
| ├── asf-logo.png | |
| ├── asf-logo-wide.gif | |
| ├── bg-button.png | |
| ├── bg-middle.png | |
| ├── bg-nav-item.png | |
| ├── bg-nav.png | |
| ├── bg-upper.png | |
| ├── build.xml | |
| ├── favicon.ico | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── RELEASE-NOTES.txt | |
| ├── tomcat.css | |
| ├── tomcat.gif | |
| ├── tomcat.png | |
| ├── tomcat-power.gif | |
| ├── tomcat.svg | |
| └── WEB-INF | |
| └── web.xml | |
| 1 directory, 17 files | |
| webapps]# tree host-manager/ | |
| host-manager/ | |
| ├── images | |
| │ ├── add.gif | |
| │ ├── asf-logo.gif | |
| │ ├── code.gif | |
| │ ├── design.gif | |
| │ ├── docs.gif | |
| │ ├── fix.gif | |
| │ ├── tomcat.gif | |
| │ ├── update.gif | |
| │ └── void.gif | |
| ├── index.jsp | |
| ├── manager.xml | |
| ├── META-INF | |
| │ └── context.xml | |
| └── WEB-INF | |
| ├── jsp | |
| │ ├── 401.jsp | |
| │ ├── 403.jsp | |
| │ └── 404.jsp | |
| └── web.xml |
tomcat 的配置文件：
server.xml：主配置文件；context.xml：每个 webapp 都可以有专用的配置文件，这些配置文件通常位于 webapp 程序目录下的 WEB-INF 目录中，用于定义会话管理顺、JDBC 等；conf/context.xml 是为各 webapp 提供默认配置；web.xml：每个 webapp 只有在“部署”之后才能够被访问；此文件则用于为各 webapps 定义默认的部署操作方式；tomcat-users.xml：用户认证的账号和密码配置文件；catalina.policy：当使用 -security 选项来启动 tomcat 实例时会读取此配置文件来实现基于安全策略的运行方式；catalina.properties：Java 属性的定义文件，用于设定类加载器路径等，以及一些与 JVM 性能相关的调优参数；logging.properties：日志系统相关的配置；
Java Webapp 的组织结构：
| 有特定的组织形式、层次型的目录结构；主要包含了 servlet 代码文件、JSP 页面文件、类文件、部署描述符文件等；/：webapps 的根目录 | |
| index.jsp：jsp 的主页面文件 | |
| WEB-INF/：当前 webapp 的私有资源目录，通常存放当前 webapp 自用的 web.xml；META-INF/：当前 webapp 的私有资源目录，通常存储当前 webapp 自用的 context.xml；classes/: 当前 webapp 的私有类；lib/：当前 webapp 的私有类，被打包成 jar 格式；webapp 归档格式：.war：webapp | |
| .jar：EJB 的类；.rar：资源适配器；.ear：企业级应用程序； |
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143622p2.htm
3、tomcat 常用组件
每个组件几乎都是通过特有的类来实现，而且有的组件还不止一种实现方式
Server：tomcat 实例，即运行的一个 jvm 进程；监听于 8005 端口接收“SHUTDOWN”。各 server 监听的端口不能相同，因此，一个物理主机上启动多个 server 实例应该使用不同的端口；
service：用于实现将一个或多个 connector 关联至一个 engine；
connector 组件：
| 进入 tomcat 的请求可分为两类：tomcat 做为独立的应用程序服务器：standalone，此时，请求将来自于浏览器；http, https | |
| tomcat 做为应用程序服务器：请求将来自于前面反代主机；httpd: http, https, ajp | |
| nginx: http, https | |
| 属性：address：监听的 IP 地址；maxThreads：最大并发连接数，默认为 150；port：监听的端口；protocol：连接器使用的协议，一般为 HTTP/1.1 或 AJP/1.3；redirecPort：connectionTimeout：连接的超时时长，单位为毫秒，默认为 60000；enableLookups：acceptCount：定义等待队列的长度；scheme：debug：secure：clinetAuth：sslProtocol: | |
| Engine：Servlet 的一个实例，即 servlet 引擎，其内部可以有一个或多个 Host 组件来定义站点；通常需要通过 defaultHost 的属性定义默认虚拟主机；属性：name= | |
| defaultHost= | |
| jvmRoute= |
Host 组件：
位于 Engine 容器中用于接收请求并进行相应处理的主机或虚拟主机
常用属性说明：1) appBase：此 Host 的 webapps 目录，即存放非归档的 web 应用程序的目录或归档后的 WAR 文件的目录路径；可以使用基于 $CATALINA_HOME 的相对路径；2) autoDeploy：在 Tomcat 处于运行状态时放置于 appBase 目录中的应用程序文件是否自动进行 deploy；默认为 true；3) unpackWars：在启用此 webapps 时是否对 WAR 格式的归档文件先进行展开；默认为 true；
| 示例：- 服务器端 | |
| 修改 server.xml，添加 Host 主机 | |
| ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/ | |
| conf]# vim server.xml | |
| <Host name="node2" appBase="/data/webapps" | |
| unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> | |
| </Host> | |
| conf]# mkdir -pv /data/webapps/ROOT | |
| mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data" | |
| mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data/webapps" | |
| mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data/webapps/ROOT" | |
| conf]# cp ../webapps/myapp/index.jsp /data/webapps/ROOT/ | |
| conf]# mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT/{classes,lib,WEB-INF,META-INF} | |
| 修改 index.jsp 内容，方便后续辨认是哪个主机 | |
| conf]# vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp | |
| <%@ page language="java" %> | |
| <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <% out.println("hello world from /data/webapps"); | |
| %> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| catalina 重启 | |
| catalina.sh stop | |
| catalina.sh configtest | |
| catalina.sh start | |
| - 客户端 | |
| 首先要保证客户端可以解析 node 这个主机 | |
| ~]# ping node2 | |
| PING node2 (192.168.150.138) 56(84) bytes of data. | |
| 64 bytes from node2 (192.168.150.138): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.69 ms | |
| 访问测试：~]# curl http://node2:8080 此时访问的是 node2 的目录 | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| hello world from /data/webapps | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| [root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.150.138:8080 访问 ip 时还是访问原目录 | |
| <html lang="en"> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>Apache Tomcat/7.0.55</title> | |
| <link href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" /> | |
| <link href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" /> | |
| <link href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> | |
| </head> |
tomcat 自带 Host Manager 配置
配置方法和 Manager App 相同，我只要在刚才 manager app 配置中添加 Host Manager 属性即可，点击按钮也会出现提示画面
| 修改内容为：conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml | |
| <tomcat-users> | |
| <role rolename="manager-gui"/> | |
| <role rolename="admin-gui"/> | |
| <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> | |
| 修改后重启 catalina | |
| catalina.sh stop | |
| catalina.sh configtest | |
| catalina.sh start |
此时在 Host Manager 界面可以看到我刚才添加的 HOST 主机
Context 组件：
| 示例：- 服务器端 | |
| conf]# vim server.xml | |
| 在原 Host 内容中添加 Context 内容 | |
| <Host name="node2" appBase="/data/webapps" | |
| unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> | |
| <Context path="/test" docBase="testapp" reloadable="true"> | |
| </Context> | |
| </Host> | |
| 创建 testapp 测试页面 | |
| conf]# cp /data/webapps/ROOT/ /data/webapps/testapp -r | |
| conf]# vim /data/webapps/testapp/index.jsp | |
| <%@ page language="java" %> | |
| <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page for Context</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <% out.println("hello world from /data/webapps/testapp"); | |
| %> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| catalina 重启 | |
| catalina.sh stop | |
| catalina.sh configtest | |
| catalina.sh start | |
| - 客户端访问测试：访问 node2 | |
| [root@localhost conf]# curl http://node2:8080 | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| hello world from /data/webapps | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| 访问 Conext 目录 | |
| [root@localhost conf]# curl http://node2:8080/test/ | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page for Context</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| hello world from /data/webapps/testapp | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
Value 组件：
| 示例：继续在刚才的测试示例中添加 Value 组件：- 服务器端 | |
| 制定日志格式，设定 testapp 的访问控制(192.168.150.139 为客户端主机) | |
| conf]# vim server.xml | |
| <Host name="node2" appBase="/data/webapps" | |
| unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> | |
| <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" | |
| prefix="node2_access_log." suffix=".log" | |
| pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> | |
| <Context path="/test" docBase="testapp" reloadable="true"> | |
| <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" deny="192\.168\.150\.139" /> | |
| </Context> | |
| </Host> | |
| 重启 catalina | |
| - 客户端访问 | |
| conf]# curl http://node2:8080 访问 node2 是正常的 | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| hello world from /data/webapps | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |
conf]# curl http://node2:8080/test/ 访问 test 被 forbidden
HTTP Status 403 –
type Status report
message
description Access to the specified resource has been forbidden.
Apache Tomcat/7.0.55
| - 服务器端日志 | |
| [root@localhost logs]# pwd | |
| /usr/local/tomcat/logs | |
| [root@localhost logs]# ls | |
| catalina.2017-04-26.log localhost.2017-04-26.log node2_access_log.2017-04-26.log | |
| catalina.out localhost_access_log.2017-04-26.txt | |
| host-manager.2017-04-26.log manager.2017-04-26.log | |
| logs]# cat node2_access_log.2017-04-26.log | |
| 192.168.150.139 - - [26/Apr/2017:15:03:37 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 116 | |
| 192.168.150.139 - - [26/Apr/2017:15:03:50 +0800] "GET /test/ HTTP/1.1" 403 961 |
4、LNMT/LAMT
LNMT：
| - nginx 安装：~]# yum -y install nginx | |
| - 修改 nginx 配置文件 | |
| ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ | |
| nginx]# vim nginx.conf | |
| server { | |
| listen 80 default_server; | |
| listen [::]:80 default_server; | |
| server_name localhost; | |
| root /usr/share/nginx/html; | |
| # Load configuration files for the default server block. | |
| include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; | |
| #修改 location / 进行反代，由于我测试时 nginx 和 tomcat 是在同一台 server 上，所以使用 localhost | |
| location / {proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;} | |
| - 验证配置文件并启动 nginx | |
| nginx]# nginx -t | |
| nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok | |
| nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful | |
| nginx]# systemctl start nginx.service | |
| nginx]# ss -tnl | |
| State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port | |
| LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* | |
| LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* | |
| LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* | |
| LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* | |
| LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* | |
| LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* | |
| LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* | |
| LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* | |
| LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* |
此时进行访问测试，我访问 http 时已经不需要指定 8080 端口，使用默认端口即可访问我后端的 tomcat
| 对 HOST 主机进行反代 | |
| - 服务器端 | |
| 服务器端本地做好 node 的解析 | |
| ~]# cat /etc/hosts | |
| 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 | |
| ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 | |
| 192.168.150.138 node2 | |
| ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | |
| location / {proxy_pass http://node2:8080/;} | |
| 修改完配置文件后验证并 reload nginx 服务 | |
| ~]# nginx -t | |
| nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok | |
| nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful | |
| ~]# systemctl reload nginx.service | |
| - 客户端访问测试，无需在添加 8080 端口号 | |
| ~]# curl http://192.168.150.138 | |
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>JSP Test Page</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| hello world from /data/webapps | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |
| 动静分离测试：- 服务器端：~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | |
| 修改 nginx 配置文件中的 location | |
| location / { } | |
| #如果用户访问 jsp 资源再进行反代，静态资源 nginx 自己解析 | |
| location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {proxy_pass http://node2:8080;} | |
| nginx]# nginx -t | |
| nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok | |
| nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful | |
| nginx]# systemctl reload nginx.service | |
| 提供一个静态资源给 nginx | |
| ~]# mv 18.png /usr/share/nginx/html/ |
访问静态资源，会自动去 nginx 资源目录：
访问动态 jsp 资源，会自动去访问 tomcat 资源目录：
LAMT:
| 使用 httpd 的 reverse_proxy_module 模块反代至 tomcat | |
| 1、proxy_module, proxy_http_module | |
| - httpd 的安装 | |
| yum -y install httpd | |
| - 修改 httpd 配置文档 | |
| 注释掉主配置文档中的 DocumentRoot | |
| ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | |
| #DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" | |
| 创建 http_tomcat.conf 的子配置文档 | |
| ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/http_tomcat.conf | |
| <VirtualHost *:80> | |
| ServerName tc1.com | |
| ProxyRequests Off | |
| ProxyVia On | |
| ProxyPreserveHost On | |
| <Proxy *> | |
| Require all granted | |
| </Proxy> | |
| ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ | |
| ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/ | |
| <Location /> | |
| Require all granted | |
| </Location> | |
| </VirtualHost> | |
| - 验证配置并启动 httpd | |
| ~]# httpd -t | |
| Syntax OK | |
| ~]# systemctl start httpd.service |
访问此服务所有的网页均反代至 tomcat 8080
| 2、proxy_module, proxy_ajp_module | |
| httpd 反代至 tomcat 的 ajp 8009 端口 | |
| ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/ | |
| conf.d]# ls | |
| autoindex.conf http_tomcat.conf README userdir.conf welcome.conf | |
| conf.d]# cp http_tomcat.conf ajp_tomcat.conf | |
| conf.d]# mv http_tomcat.conf http_tomcat.conf.bak | |
| conf.d]# vim ajp_tomcat.conf | |
| <VirtualHost *:80> | |
| ServerName tc1.com | |
| ProxyRequests Off | |
| ProxyVia On | |
| ProxyPreserveHost On | |
| <Proxy *> | |
| Require all granted | |
| </Proxy> | |
| ProxyPass / ajp://localhost:8009/ | |
| ProxyPassReverse / ajp://localhost:8009/ | |
| <Location /> | |
| Require all granted | |
| </Location> | |
| </VirtualHost> | |
| - 验证配置并启动 httpd | |
| ~]# httpd -t | |
| Syntax OK | |
| ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service |
访问此服务所有的网页均反代至 tomcat 8009
5、tomcat 以普通用户执行 & 服务脚本定制
出于安全考虑，tomcat 一般均在普通用户下执行，下面进行在普通用户下执行 tomcat 测试
| -tomcat 用户创建，并授予权限 | |
| catalina.sh stop 修改前先关闭 tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/ | |
| tomcat]# ll | |
| 总用量 104 | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4 月 26 10:34 bin | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 4 月 26 16:15 conf | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4 月 26 10:34 lib | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56812 7 月 18 2014 LICENSE | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4 月 27 10:28 logs | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1192 7 月 18 2014 NOTICE | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8963 7 月 18 2014 RELEASE-NOTES | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16204 7 月 18 2014 RUNNING.txt | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 58 4 月 26 13:21 temp | |
| drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 101 4 月 26 13:10 webapps | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 21 4 月 26 10:40 work | |
| tomcat]# useradd tomcat | |
| tomcat]# chown -R tomcat.tomcat ./* | |
| tomcat]# ll | |
| 总用量 104 | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 4 月 26 10:34 bin | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 tomcat tomcat 4096 4 月 26 16:15 conf | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 4 月 26 10:34 lib | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 56812 7 月 18 2014 LICENSE | |
| drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 4 月 27 10:28 logs | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 1192 7 月 18 2014 NOTICE | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 8963 7 月 18 2014 RELEASE-NOTES | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 16204 7 月 18 2014 RUNNING.txt | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 tomcat tomcat 58 4 月 26 13:21 temp | |
| drwxr-xr-x 9 tomcat tomcat 101 4 月 26 13:10 webapps | |
| drwxr-xr-x 3 tomcat tomcat 21 4 月 26 10:40 work | |
| - 切换至 tomcat 用户进行环境变量查看 | |
| [root@localhost tomcat]# su - tomcat | |
| [tomcat@localhost ~]$ echo $JAVA_HOME | |
| /usr/java/latest | |
| [tomcat@localhost ~]$ echo $CATALINA_BASE | |
| /usr/local/tomcat | |
| - 开启 tomcat | |
| [tomcat@localhost ~]$ catalina.sh start | |
| Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat | |
| Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp | |
| Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest | |
| Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar | |
| Tomcat started. | |
| 进程均由 tomcat 用户在执行 | |
| [tomcat@localhost ~]$ ps aux | grep java | |
| tomcat 19643 12.2 5.8 1081152 59028 pts/2 Sl 13:45 0:04 /usr/java/latest/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apa | |
| che.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/usr/local/tomcat/endorsed -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap starttomcat 19660 0.0 0.0 112660 960 pts/2 R+ 13:46 0:00 grep --color=auto java | |
| - catalina 服务脚本制定 | |
| [root@localhost tomcat]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat | |
| #!/bin/sh | |
| # Tomcat init script for Linux. | |
| # | |
| # chkconfig:2345 96 14 | |
| # description:The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP continer. | |
| # JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m' | |
| JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest | |
| CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat | |
| export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME | |
| case $1 in | |
| start) | |
| exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; | |
| stop) | |
| exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;; | |
| restart) | |
| $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop | |
| sleep 2 | |
| exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; | |
| *) | |
| echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}" | |
| exit 1 | |
| ;; | |
| esac | |
| 添加脚本执行权限并将脚本添加至 chkconfig | |
| [root@localhost tomcat]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat | |
| [root@localhost tomcat]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat | |
| [root@localhost tomcat]# chkconfig --add tomcat |
更多 Tomcat 相关教程见以下内容：
CentOS 6.6 下安装配置 Tomcat 环境 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/122234.htm
RedHat Linux 5.5 安装 JDK+Tomcat 并部署 Java 项目 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-02/113528.htm
Tomcat 权威指南(第二版)(中英高清 PDF 版 + 带书签) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-02/113062.htm
Tomcat 安全配置与性能优化 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-02/113060.htm
Linux 下使用 Xshell 查看 Tomcat 实时日志中文乱码解决方案 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/112395.htm
CentOS 64-bit 下安装 JDK 和 Tomcat 并设置 Tomcat 开机启动操作步骤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111485.htm
CentOS 6.5 下安装 Tomcat http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111415.htm
Tomcat 中 session 的管理机制 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135072.htm
Tomcat 的详细介绍：请点这里
Tomcat 的下载地址：请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143622.htm
正文完
星哥玩云-微信公众号
