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1、建立 httpd 服务器 (基于编译的方式进行),要求:
提供两个基于名称的虚拟主机:
(a)www1.itab.com,页面文件目录为 /web/vhosts/www1;错误日志为 /var/log/httpd/www1.err,访问日志为 /var/log/httpd/www1.access;
(b)www2.itab.com,页面文件目录为 /web/vhosts/www2;错误日志为 /var/log/httpd/www2.err,访问日志为 /var/log/httpd/www2.access;
(c) 为两个虚拟主机建立各自的主页文件 index.html,内容分别为其对应的主机名;
(d)通过 www1.itab.com/server-status 输出 httpd 工作状态相关信息,且只允许提供帐号密码才能访问(status:status);
(e) www1 不允许 192.168.1.0/24 网络中的主机访问;
2、为上面的的第 2 个虚拟主机提供 https 服务,使得用户可以通过 https 安全的访问此 web 站点;
(1)要求使用证书认证,证书中要求使用的国家 (CN)、州(HA)、城市(ZZ) 和组织 (iTab);
(2) 设置部门为 Ops,主机名为 www2.itab.com,邮件为 admin@stuX.com;
现在分别使用 httpd-2.2 和 httpd-2.4 搭建符合以上要求的 HTTP/HTTPS 服务。
httpd-2.2
(1) 使用 yum 安装 httpd 服务程序。
[root@web ~]# yum -y install httpd
(2) 要想使用虚拟主机,必须先注释掉中心主机的文档根路径(DocRoot)。
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”
(3) 在 /etc/httpd/conf.d 目录下创建 vhost.conf 文件,专门用于配置虚拟主机。
NameVirtualHost 192.168.10.128:80
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.128:80> # 第一台虚拟主机配置
ServerName www1.itab.com # 第一台虚拟主机的主机名
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www1” # 第一台虚拟主机的 DocRoot
ErrorLog logs/www1.err # 错误日志路径
CustomLog logs/www1.access combined # 访问日志路径
<Directory “/web/vhosts/www1”> # 基于 IP 地址做访问控制
Order allow,deny
Deny from 192.168.1 # 不允许 192.168.1.0/24 网络中的主机访问
</Directory>
<Location /server-status> # 第一台虚拟主机开启 server-status 工作状态输出功能
SetHandler server-status
AuthType Basic # 基于账号密码做控制
AuthName “Enter your username and password.” # 认证提示
AuthUserFile “/etc/httpd/.htpasswd” # 存放账号密码的文件路径
Require user status # 只允许 status 用户登录
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost “192.168.10.128:80”> # 第二台虚拟主机配置
ServerName www2.itab.com # 第二台虚拟主机的主机名
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www2” # 第二台虚拟主机的 DocRoot
ErrorLog logs/www2.err # 错误日志路径
CustomLog logs/www2.access combined # 访问日志路径
</VirtualHost>
(4) 创建虚拟主机的文档根目录,并为两个虚拟主机建立各自的主页文件 index.html,内容分别为其对应的主机名。
[root@web ~]# mkdir -pv /web/vhosts/{www1,www2}
mkdir: created directory `/web’
mkdir: created directory `/web/vhosts’
mkdir: created directory `/web/vhosts/www1′
mkdir: created directory `/web/vhosts/www2′
[root@web ~]# cat /web/vhosts/www1/index.html
<h1> www1.itab.com </h1>
[root@web ~]# cat /web/vhosts/www2/index.html
<h1> www2.itab.com </h1>
(5) 设置站点主页面。
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DirectoryIndex index.html
(6) 创建访问 status 页面的账号 (status) 和密码(status)。
[root@web ~]# htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/.htpasswd status
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user status
(7) 检查语法错误,如果没有错误,则启动 http 服务。
[root@web ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@web ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: [OK]
(8) 查看 httpd 是否已经监听在 80 端口。
[root@web ~]# ss -tnl | grep 80
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
(9) 测试。
9.1 测试 status 页面。
使用 192.168.10.140 的主机测试,如下。
[root@test1 ~]# elinks www1.itab.com/server-status
打开页面如下。
9.2 测试两个虚拟主机的页面。
同样使用 192.168.10.140 这台主机来测试,如下。
[root@test1 ~]# elinks www1.itab.com
访问 www1.itab.com 时,打开页面如下。
[root@test1 ~]# elinks www2.itab.com
访问 www2.itab.com 时,打开页面如下。
对于 192.168.1.0/24 网段的主机,则无法访问 www1.itab.com,其打开页面如下。
(10) 现在为上面的的第 2 个虚拟主机提供 https 服务,使得用户可以通过 https 安全的访问此 web 站点。
为了方便,这里通过建立私有 CA 来提供服务器证书。CA 主机和 Webf 服务器主机如下:
CA 主机:192.168.10.140
Web 服务器主机:192.168.10.128
10.1 在 CA 主机(192.168.10.128 上)建立私有 CA
① CA 生成私钥。
[root@test1 ~]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048)
② 生成自签证书。
[root@test1 ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HA
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:iTab
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:ca.itab.com
Email Address []:caadmin@itab.com
③ 为 CA 提供所需的目录及文件。
[root@test1 ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/pki/CA/{certs,crl,newcerts}
[root@test1 ~]# touch /etc/pki/CA/{serial,index.txt}
[root@test1 ~]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
10.2 在 Web 服务器主机(192.168.10.128)上创建证书签署请求。
① Web 服务器主机生成私钥。
[root@web ~]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key 2048)
② Web 服务器生成证书签署请求。
[root@web ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HA
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:iTab
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:www2.itab.com
Email Address []:admin@itab.com
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
③ 通过可靠方式将证书签署请求发送给 CA 主机。这里为了演示方便,所以直接通过 scp 命令传送。
[root@web ~]# scp /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr root@192.168.10.140:/tmp/
10.3 在 CA 主机(192.168.10.140)上签署证书请求。
① CA 主机为 Web 服务器签证。
[root@test1 ~]# openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: May 21 13:50:38 2017 GMT
Not After : May 21 13:50:38 2018 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = HA
organizationName = iTab
organizationalUnitName = Ops
commonName = www2.itab.com
emailAddress = admin@itab.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
C9:0A:4A:B8:2C:67:8A:1C:68:D5:1E:F6:40:57:21:BD:48:75:D5:75
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:81:F9:59:3E:F7:7C:8C:A4:1A:6B:7F:6F:9E:4F:8B:A6:18:A5:20:30
Certificate is to be certified until May 21 13:50:38 2018 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
② CA 主机将已签署的证书通过可靠方式传送给该 Webf 服务器。这里同样使用 scp 命令。
[root@test1 ~]# scp /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt root@192.168.10.128:/etc/httpd/ssl/
(11) Web 服务器在已经得到 CA 签署的证书了,现在开始配置 HTTPS 服务,首先安装 mod_ssl 模块。
[root@web ~]# yum install mod_ssl
查看 ssl_module 是否已经加载。
[root@web ~]# httpd -M | grep ssl_module
ssl_module (shared) # ssl 模块已经加载
Syntax OK
(12) 修改 /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf 配置文件。
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
# 修改以下配置项
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.128:443>
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www2”
ServerName www2.itab.com
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
检查语法错误。
[root@web ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
重载服务。
[root@web ~]# service httpd reload
查看是否监听在 443 端口。
[root@web ~]# ss -tnl | grep 443
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
(13) 使用 Web 服务器本主机测试。
[root@web ~]# openssl s_client -connect www2.itab.com:443 -CAfile /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
CONNECTED(00000003)
……(中间省略)……
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 379BE969583B315BC9C8C43F64107EE2CD9CB12668ECA26725D8749BA9CDABD2
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: FB5258D5C5FB3EF484831FC306B883EA84D106399CC5630A34169E7B2949FD45A9B90D025AB82EC34887A7C9D8E3F7E2
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 – 55 ba da 0d 93 a9 67 a4-46 1b 21 ab 6f a3 03 5d U…..g.F.!.o..]
0010 – 6e aa d8 23 25 8d 7d 8a-41 db 47 ea a9 3b fb 7c n..#%.}.A.G..;.|
0020 – 70 59 b2 a3 6c cd 7e 00-4e 8a 3e ef 7d 6b f4 68 pY..l.~.N.>.}k.h
0030 – 59 0a 2d 6d a1 1b 36 84-62 7c 3f 51 5d 24 aa 90 Y.-m..6.b|?Q]$..
0040 – a8 7f 0a a9 f7 a3 fa b2-a0 ea 30 ef 35 80 7d 13 ……….0.5.}.
0050 – 66 8c d2 47 be b5 47 1f-64 90 e9 c7 ce 7e a6 6f f..G..G.d….~.o
0060 – 10 e5 ab 58 98 70 ab 14-07 ca 04 b0 c4 2f d8 f6 …X.p……./..
0070 – 70 52 85 f2 1c 93 13 ca-0c ef 7e b2 5a f3 f2 09 pR……..~.Z…
0080 – e3 fd e6 d1 01 18 4b 63-74 ce b9 9c c0 a5 2e 1e ……Kct…….
0090 – 8c 9a 7d 7f 35 69 b3 81-01 64 7a 9c 2c 61 24 07 ..}.5i…dz.,a$.
00a0 – 29 69 af b8 19 a7 78 ff-2a 2e a5 8f fe 11 21 b0 )i….x.*…..!.
00b0 – 86 78 fd b7 ae 55 3b 10-44 b4 81 25 02 40 0a c5 .x…U;.D..%.@..
Start Time: 1491487607
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
—
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 # 测试能否获取 www2.itab.com 的主页面资源
Host: www2.itab.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK # 获取成功
Date: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 14:06:57 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 11:29:45 GMT
ETag: “4342e-19-54c7dd36ab98c”
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 25
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<h1> www2.itab.com </h1>
closed
[root@web ~]#
测试完毕,使用 httpd-2.2 搭建 HTTP/HTTPS 服务成功。接下来使用 httpd-2.4 搭建同样的 HTTP/HTTPS 服务。
httpd-2.4
httpd-2.4 跟 httpd-2.2 不同在于任意目录下的页面只有显式授权才能被访问,因此,在配置虚拟主机访问控制时,如下所示。
[root@test1 ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.140:80>
ServerName www1.itab.com
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www1”
ErrorLog logs/www1.err
CustomLog logs/www1.access combined
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
AuthType Basic
AuthName “Enter your username and password”
AuthUserFile “/etc/httpd/.htpasswd”
Require user status
</Location>
<Directory “/web/vhosts/www1”>
<RequireAll> # 显示授权
Require all granted
Require not ip 192.168.10.128
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.140:80>
ServerName www2.itab.com
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www2”
ErrorLog logs/www2.err
CustomLog logs/www2.access combined
<Directory “/web/vhosts/www2”>
<RequireAll> # 显示授权
Require all granted
Require not ip 192.168.10.128
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
还有在配置 HTTPS 时,也是需要显式授权才能被访问到,如下。
[root@test1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.140:443>
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/www2”
ServerName www2.itab.com
<Directory “/web/vhosts/www2”> # 显式授权
Require all granted
</Directory>
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd2.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
</VirtualHost>
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