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Keepalived 一开始就是为 lvs 设计的,解决了单点服务器的故障问题,能保证服务不中断、稳定运行。(《Keepalived 在前一篇文章 Nginx+Keepalived 实现高可用负载均衡的主从模式》http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/148061.htm 就已经介绍过了,这里不多介绍了)
LVS 是一种集群 (Cluster) 技术:采用 IP 负载均衡技术和基于内容请求分发技术。调度器具有很好的吞吐率,将请求均衡地转移到不同的服务器上执行,且调度器自动屏蔽掉服务器的故障,从而将一组服务器构成一个高性能的、高可用的虚拟服务器。整个服务器集群的结构对客户是透明的,而且无需修改客户端和服务器端的程序。工作在四层,在内核空间工作,基于 ipvs 模块,不占用流量。
双机高可用方法目前分为两种:
1)双机主从模式:即前端使用两台服务器,一台主服务器和一台热备服务器,正常情况下,主服务器绑定一个公网虚拟 IP,提供负载均衡服务,热备服务器处于空闲状态;当主服务器发生故障时,热备服务器接管主服务器的公网虚拟 IP,提供负载均衡服务;但是热备服务器在主机器不出现故障的时候,永远处于浪费状态,对于服务器不多的网站,该方案不经济实惠。
2)双机主主模式:这种模式的效果很强大,即前端使用两台负载均衡服务器,互为主备,且都处于活动状态(这样达到不浪费服务器),同时各自绑定一个公网虚拟 IP,提供负载均衡服务;当其中一台发生故障时,另一台接管发生故障服务器的公网虚拟 IP(这时由非故障机器一台负担所有的请求)。这种方案,经济实惠,非常适合于当前架构环境。
一、环境介绍:
操作系统:
[root@CentOS-4 ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
服务器对应关系:
KA1:192.168.5.129 centos-1
KA2:192.168.5.128 centos-4
Vip1:192.168.5.200 129master/128backup
VIP2:192.168.5.210 128master/129backup
Web1:192.168.5.131 centos-2
Web2:192.168.5.132 centos-3
Client:192.168.5.140centos-5
二、环境安装:
安装依赖:
(在 KA1 和 KA2 机器上执行以下步骤)
[root@centos-4 ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@centos-4~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos-4 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
安装 nginx
[root@centos-4 src]# tar -zvxfnginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
[root@centos-4 src]# cd nginx-1.9.7
[root@centos-4 nginx-1.9.7]#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –user=nginx –group=nginx–with-http_ssl_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_stub_status_module–with-http_gzip_static_module –with-pcre
[root@centos-4 nginx-1.9.7]# make &&make install
[root@centos-1 ~]# yum install -ykeepalived
[root@centos-1 ~]# yum install –y ipvsadm
(在 web1 服务器和 web2 服务器上安装 nginx)
[root@centos-2~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@centos-2~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos-2 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
安装 nginx
[root@centos-2 src]# tar -zvxfnginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
[root@centos-2 src]# cd nginx-1.9.7
[root@centos-2 nginx-1.9.7]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –user=nginx –group=nginx–with-http_ssl_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_stub_status_module–with-http_gzip_static_module –with-pcre
[root@centos-2 nginx-1.9.7]# make &&make install
三、配置服务:
(所以服务器上配置)
[root@centos-1 ~]# cat/etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos-1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@centos-1 ~]# service iptables stop
1、配置 keepalived:
(KA1 上操作)
[root@centos-1 ~]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
#failover@firewall.loc
#sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script “/opt/check_nginx.sh”
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1{
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.200
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2{
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 50
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.210
}
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
}
virtual_server192.168.5.200 80 {# 定义转移 ip 端口 80 的集群服务
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.5.131 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 1
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS1 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.5.132 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 2
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS2 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.5.21080 {# 定义转移 ip 端口 80 的集群服务
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.5.131 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 1
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS1 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.5.132 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 2
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS2 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
}
(KA2 上操作)
[root@centos-2 ~]# cat/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
#failover@firewall.loc
#sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script “/opt/check_nginx.sh”
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1{
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.200
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2{
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 50
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.210
}
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
}
virtual_server192.168.5.200 80 {# 定义转移 ip 端口 80 的集群服务
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.5.131 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 1
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS1 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.5.132 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 2
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS2 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
}
virtual_server192.168.5.210 80 {# 定义转移 ip 端口 80 的集群服务
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.5.131 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 1
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS1 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
real_server 192.168.5.132 80 {# 定义集群服务包含的 RS 2
weight 1 # 权重为 1
HTTP_GET {# 定义 RS2 的健康状态检测
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 1
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 1
}
}
}
编写一个监控 nginx 的脚本:
需要注意的是,要判断本机 nginx 是否正常,如果发现 nginx 不正常,重启之后,等待三秒在校验,任然失败则不尝试,关闭 keepalived,发送邮件,其他主机此时接管 VIP;
[root@centos-4~]# cat /opt/check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
check=$(ps-C nginx –no-heading | wc -l)
IP=`ipadd | grep eth0 | awk ‘NR==2{print $2}’| awk -F ‘/’ ‘{print $1}’`
if [“${check}” = “0” ]; then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
sleep 2
counter=$(ps -C nginx –no-heading|wc -l)
if [“${check}” = “0”]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
echo “check $IP nginx is down”| mail -s “check keepalived nginx” *********@qq.com
fi
fi
(KA1一样的监控脚本)
2、在后端两台 web 服务器上配置 vip 默认路由和配置两台服务器的 nginx(这就不演示怎样配置 nginx 了。):
(考虑到方便执行就编写了一个脚本:在 web1 和 web2 服务器上配置。)
[root@centos-2 ~]# cat lvs.sh
#!/bin/bash
#realserver config vip config route arp
#legehappy
Vip1=192.168.5.200
Vip2=192.168.5.210
source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case $1 in
start)
echo”config vip route arp” > /tmp/lvs1.txt
/sbin/ifconfiglo:0 $Vip1 broadcast $Vip1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/ifconfiglo:1 $Vip2 broadcast $Vip2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
echo”1″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo”2″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo”1″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo”2″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
routeadd -host $Vip1 dev lo:0
routeadd -host $Vip2 dev lo:1
;;
stop)
echo “deletevip route arp” > /tmp/lvs2.txt
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
echo”0″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo”0″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo”0″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo”0″ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
routedel -host $Vip1 dev lo:0
routedel -host $Vip2 dev lo:1
;;
*)
echo”Usage: $0 (start | stop)”
exit 1
esac
(两台后端配置 web 服务 nginx 的页面信息)
[root@centos-2 ~]# curl 192.168.5.131
10.2
[root@centos-3 ~]# curl 192.168.5.132
10.3
3、在两台前端服务器上启动 keepalived 服务,对于 192.168.5.200 的 vip centos- 1 是 master/192.168.5.210 的 vip centos- 1 是 backup。
[root@centos-1 ~]#service keepalived start
[root@centos-4 ~]# service keepalived start
查看日志文件:
[root@centos-1 ~]# cat /var/log/messages
Oct 19 22:00:22 centos-1 Keepalived_vrrp[46184]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2)Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.5.210
Oct 19 22:00:22 centos-1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[46183]: Netlinkreflector reports IP 192.168.5.210 added
Oct 19 22:00:24 centos-1 Keepalived_vrrp[46184]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1)Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.5.200
Oct 19 22:00:27 centos-1 Keepalived_vrrp[46184]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2)Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.5.210
(因为 KA1 先启动 keepalived 服务所以两个 vip 都会在 KA1 上,但第二台 keepaliver 服务起来后 vip2 就会被 KA2 抢占回来。)
[root@centos-4 ~]# cat /var/log/messages
Oct 19 22:01:38 centos-4 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Netlinkreflector reports IP 192.168.5.210 added
Oct 19 22:01:38 centos-4 avahi-daemon[1513]: Registering new addressrecord for 192.168.5.210 on eth0.IPv4.
Oct 19 22:01:38 centos-4 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2)Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.5.210
Oct 19 22:01:43 centos-4 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2)Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.5.210
查看 ip addr:
[root@centos-1 keepalived]# ip add
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdiscpfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether00:0c:29:0d:f3:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.5.129/24 brd192.168.5.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.5.200/32scope global eth0
[root@centos-4 keepalived]#ip addr
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdiscpfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether00:50:56:3a:84:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.5.128/24 brd192.168.5.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.5.210/32 scope global eth0
(两台 KA1 和 KA2 服务器重启 nginx、keepalived 服务)
[root@centos-1~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx:the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx:configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful ### 检查配置文件没问题后再执行重启 nginx。
[root@centos-1~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-4~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx:the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx:configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-4~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-1~]# service keepalived restart
停止 keepalived:[确定]
正在启动 keepalived:[确定]
[root@centos-4~]# service keepalived restart
停止 keepalived:[确定]
正在启动 keepalived:[确定]
四、测试:
验证方法(保证从负载均衡器本机到后端真实服务器之间能正常通信):
(1)、先测试完成后的效果访问 vip1、vip2
Vip1:
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.2
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.3
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.2
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.3
Vip2:
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.3
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.2
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.3
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.2
(2)、把 KA1keepalived stop 掉(模拟 KA1 主机的 keepalived 故障)
[root@centos-1 ~]# service keepalived stop
停止 keepalived:
[root@centos-1 ~]# ip addr
2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:0d:f3:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.5.129/24 brd 192.168.5.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0d:f35d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
(KA1 主机上查看 ip addr 已经没有 vip 了。)
在 KA2 主机上查看日志文件:
[root@centos-4 ~]# cat /var/log/messages
Oct 19 23:20:46 centos-4Keepalived_vrrp[15412]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for192.168.5.200
Oct 19 23:20:46 centos-4avahi-daemon[1513]: Registering new address record for 192.168.5.200 oneth0.IPv4.
Oct 19 23:20:46 centos-4Keepalived_healthcheckers[15411]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.5.200added
Oct 19 23:20:51 centos-4Keepalived_vrrp[15412]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for192.168.5.200
(日志文件显示已经把 vip:192.168.5.200 接管了)
查看 KA2 主机的 ip addr
[root@centos-4 ~]# ip addr
2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000
link/ether 00:50:56:3a:84:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.5.128/24 brd 192.168.5.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.5.210/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.5.200/32 scope global eth0
(可以看到已经有两个 vip)
检查 nginx 服务是否被 KA2 接管且不中断
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.3
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.200
10.2
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.3
[root@centos-5~]# curl 192.168.5.210
10.2
一些关于 Keepalived 相关教程集合:
CentOS 7 下 Keepalived + HAProxy 搭建配置详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141593.htm
Keepalived 高可用集群应用场景与配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141866.htm
Nginx+Keepalived 实现站点高可用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/137883.htm
Nginx+Keepalived 实现站点高可用(负载均衡) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138221.htm
构建高可用集群 Keepalived+Haproxy 负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138917.htm
CentOS6.5 下 Keepalived 高可用服务单实例配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138110.htm
Keepalived 安装与配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140421.htm
Nginx 之 Keepalived 高可用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143708.htm
Linux 下 Keepalived 服务安装文档 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141441.htm
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/148060.htm