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Ansible 批量部署编译安装 nginx
一、Ansible 介绍:
这次为大家介绍一款批量部署工具 Ansible,主要有以下几点优点:1、充分利用现有设施。使用 Ansible 无需安装服务端和客户端,只要 SSH 即可。这意味着,任何一台装有 Ansible 的机器都可以成为强大的管理端。我觉得,这种去中心化的思路显得更为灵活。可能有人会担心 SSH 的效率,Ansible 的并行执行及加速模式或许可以打消你的顾虑。2、使用简单,快速上手相当容易。Ansible 上手十分快,用 Ad-Hoc 可以应付简单的管理任务,麻烦点的也可以定义 Playbook 文件来搞定。3、采用人类易读的格式。Ansible 的主机定义文件使用 INI 格式,支持分组,能够指定模式;此外也能动态生成,这对管理云主机应当很有用。而 Playbook 则是 YAML 格式。4、能够使用你熟悉的语言来编写模块。虽然 Ansible 是使用 Python 开发的,但它不会将你限制到某种具体的编程语言,Bash、Python、Perl、Ruby 等等都可以,你擅长什么就用什么。
一言以蔽之,Ansible 背后的简单化哲学深得我心。这也比较符合我选择软件的一贯原则。可能还有人会比较关心目前 Ansible 都有谁在用。毕竟,榜样的力量是无穷。Puppet 不正是因为 Google 在用而吸引了不少眼球么?据我所知,当前使用 Ansible 较为知名的用户包括 Fedora、Rackspace、Evernote 等等。
Ansible 企业应用:
二、主要架构功能:
Ansible Core. // 核心功能
Modules:
Core Modules // 核心功能
Customed Modules // 自定义模块
Host Inventory // 主机库和主机清单,用来定义要管理的主机
File
CMDB(配置管理数据)
PlayBooks // 剧本,定义没个主机扮演的角色
Hosts. // 主机
roles. // 角色
Connection Plugins. // 连接插件,连接至被管控主机,完成并发连接,默认一次管理 5 台,但是可以修改。
三、安装配置
★安装:
# yum install ansible -y(epel 仓库中)
★程序:
ansible
ansible-playbook // 唱剧本
ansible-doc // 获取帮助文档
★配置文件
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg // 核心配置文件
★主机清单:
/etc/ansible/hosts
★插件目录:
/usr/share/ansible_plugins/
1、设置 ansble 到各个主机的免密钥通讯:
[root@cml1~]# ssh-keygen
[root@cml1~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.5.102
2、定义主机组:
[root@cml1~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@cml1ansible]# vim hosts
[webserver]
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
3、查看主机组内的主机:
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible webserver –list-hosts
hosts (2):
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
4、定义角色路径
[root@cml1~]# cat /etc/ansible/nginx.yaml
– hosts: 192.168.5.102
remote_user: root
roles:
-nginx_install ###roles 目录下的 nginx_install 目录
-nginx_config ###roles 目录下的 nginx_config 目录
5、查看目录结构:
[root@cml1 roles]# tree
.
├── nginx_config
│ ├── default
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── temp_server.conf
│ └── vars
│ └── main.yml
└── nginx_install
├──default
├──files
│ └── nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
├──handlers
│ └── main.yml
├──meta
├──tasks
│ └── main.yml
├──templates
│ └── nginx.conf
└── vars
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_install/
[root@cml1nginx_install]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
6、task 定义开始任务:
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
– name: copynginx package to remote host
copy: src=nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ## 拉取 nginx 解压吧
tags: cppkg
– name: tarnginx
shell: cd /tmp;tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ## 解压 nginx 包
– name: installpakger
yum: name={{item}} state=latest ## 安装依赖包
with_items:
– openssl-devel
– pcre-devel
– gcc
– name: installnginx
shell: cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.0;./configure–user=nginx –group=nginx –prefix=/usr/local/nginx–with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-pcre;make&& make install #### 编译安装
– name: copyconf file nginx.conf
template: src=nginx.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ### 复制在 template 目录下的配置文件
tags: ngxconf
– name: copyshell
copy: src=/opt/create_users.shdest=/tmp/create_users.sh ## 拉取创建用户的 shell 脚本
– name: createuser nginx
shell: /bin/bash /tmp/create_users.sh
tags: addnginx
notify: start nginx service
为什么要写这个脚本?因为加入有些主机创建的用户已存在就会报错
[root@cml1tasks]# cat /opt/create_users.sh
#!/bin/bash
a=`cat/etc/passwd | grep nginx | wc -l`
if [$a == 0];then
useradd nginx
fi
6、第二行 copy 对应 file 目录:
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd files/
[root@cml1files]# ls
nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
7、template 这一行对应的是 template 这个目录和主服务端定义的变量:
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
nginx.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ansible_processor_vcpus}};
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user[$time_local] “$request” ‘
# ‘$status $body_bytes_sent”$http_referer” ‘
# ‘”$http_user_agent””$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;
log_format xiaoluo ‘$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘”$request” $status$body_bytes_sent ‘
‘”$http_referer” “$http_user_agent” ‘;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen {{ngxport}};
server_name wwwNaNl.com
access_log logs/wwwNaNl.com xiaoluo;
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://192.168.5.101;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to thestatic page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apachelistening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGIserver listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, ifApache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
include vhosts/*.conf;
}## 需要注意的就是模板变量(客户端自动采集)、和在服务端定义的变量{{ngx_port}}
8、在 vars 定义变量:
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd vars/
[root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml
ngxport:”8080″
9、定义触发器:
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd handlers/
[root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml
– name: startnginx service
shell: /usr/loal/nginx/sbin/nginx
10、在 nginx_config 目录加入我们经常要增加 nginx 站点,直接写好模板推送到 vhos 目录:
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_config/
[root@cml1nginx_config]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
temp_server.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat temp_server.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name {{server_name}};
index index.phpindex.html;
root {{root_dir}};
}
### 在 var 定义变量:
[root@cml1templates]# cd ../vars/
[root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml
server_name: “www.xiaoluo.com”
root_dir:”/web”
11、写配置 nginx 的 tasks 步骤:
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# ls
main.yml
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
– name: createvhosts
shell: mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/
tags: create_dir
– name: copyconf file nginx.conf # 调用 templates 模块
template: src=temp_server.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/{{server_name}}.conf
tags: ngxconf
notify: reload nginx service
### 定义重启触发器:
[root@cml1tasks]# cd ../handlers/
You have newmail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml
– name: reloadnginx service
shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试:
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible-playbook -C nginx.yaml
PLAY[192.168.5.104] **********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS***************************************************************
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | tar nginx] *********************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | install pakger] ****************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]=> (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)
TASK:[nginx_install | install nginx] *****************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] *****************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy shell] ********************************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | create user nginx] *************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_config | create vhosts] ******************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ******************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
NOTIFIED:[nginx_config | reload nginx service] *******************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
PLAY RECAP********************************************************************
192.168.5.104 : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0[root@cml1 ansible]# ansible-playbook nginx.yaml
PLAY [192.168.5.104] **********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | tar nginx] *********************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | install pakger] ****************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104] => (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)
TASK: [nginx_install | install nginx] *****************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] *****************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy shell] ********************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | create user nginx] *************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_config | create vhosts] ******************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ******************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
NOTIFIED: [nginx_install | start nginx service] *******************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.5.104 : ok=11 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0[root@cml3 ~]# ifconfig
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.5.104 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255
[root@cml3 ~]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
四、定义日志文件
下面是介绍如何定义日志:(在 ansible1.9.1 版本之后有个 bug 所以定义不了日志文件只能降版本到 1.9.1 了)
1、ansible 倒回去版本:1.9.1
需要安装 gcc、python-devel
[root@cml1 ~]#yum install python-pip
[root@cml1 ~]#pip install ansible==1.9.1
2、callback 插件:
[root@cml1tasks]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
bin_ansible_callbacks= True
3、在 callback 目录下创建日志处理文件:
[root@cml1tasks]# cd /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
[root@cml1callback]# ls
log.py log.pyc
[root@cml1callback]# cat log.py
import os
import time
import json
TIME_FORMAT=”%b%d %Y %H:%M:%S”
MSG_FORMAT=”%(now)s- %(category)s – %(data)s\n\n”
if notos.path.exists(“/var/log/ansible/hosts”):
os.makedirs(“/var/log/ansible/hosts”)
def log(host,category, data):
if type(data) == dict:
if ‘verbose_override’ in data:
# avoid logging extraneous datafrom facts
data = ‘omitted’
else:
data = data.copy()
invocation = data.pop(‘invocation’,None)
data = json.dumps(data)
if invocation is not None:
data = json.dumps(invocation) +” => %s ” % data
path =os.path.join(“/var/log/ansible/hosts”, host)
now = time.strftime(TIME_FORMAT,time.localtime())
fd =open(path, “a”)
fd.write(MSG_FORMAT % dict(now=now,category=category, data=data))
fd.close()
classCallbackModule(object):
“””
logs playbook results, per host, in/var/log/ansible/hosts
“””
def on_any(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
def runner_on_failed(self, host, res,ignore_errors=False):
log(host, ‘FAILED’, res)
def runner_on_ok(self, host, res):
log(host, ‘OK’, res)
def runner_on_skipped(self, host,item=None):
log(host, ‘SKIPPED’, ‘…’)
def runner_on_unreachable(self, host, res):
log(host, ‘UNREACHABLE’, res)
def runner_on_no_hosts(self):
pass
def runner_on_async_poll(self, host, res,jid, clock):
pass
def runner_on_async_ok(self, host, res,jid):
pass
def runner_on_async_failed(self, host, res,jid):
log(host, ‘ASYNC_FAILED’, res)
def playbook_on_start(self):
pass
def playbook_on_notify(self, host,handler):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_matched(self):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_remaining(self):
pass
def playbook_on_task_start(self, name,is_conditional):
pass
def playbook_on_vars_prompt(self, varname,private=True, prompt=None, encrypt=None, confirm=False, salt_size=None,salt=None, default=None):
pass
def playbook_on_setup(self):
pass
def playbook_on_import_for_host(self, host,imported_file):
log(host, ‘IMPORTED’, imported_file)
def playbook_on_not_import_for_host(self,host, missing_file):
log(host, ‘NOTIMPORTED’, missing_file)
def playbook_on_play_start(self, name):
pass
def playbook_on_stats(self, stats):
pass
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CentOS 下部署 Ansible 自动化工具 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144430.htm
在 CentOS 7 中安装并使用自动化工具 Ansible http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/123801.htm
CentOS 7 上搭建 Jenkins+Ansible 服务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138737.htm
Linux 下源码编译安装 Ansible 及排错记录 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141427.htm
Ansible 基础—安装与常用模块 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140216.htm
Ansible 配置及使用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142121.htm
自动化运维工具之 Ansible 介绍及安装使用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138104.htm
自动化运维之 Ansible 详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142191.htm
Ansible 入门 notify 和 handlers http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140871.htm
CentOS 6.5 安装自动化工具 Ansible 和图形化工具 Tower http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141422.htm
Ansible 的详细介绍:请点这里
Ansible 的下载地址:请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/148058.htm