CentOS 7.3 下安装LNMP(Nginx1.10+MySQL5.7+PHP7.0.20)

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前言：最近总是要安装服务器环境，记录这次 CentOS 7.3 下安装 LNMP(Nginx1.10+MySQL5.7+PHP7.0.20) 环境的过程，以备日后使用。

一、准备工作

1. 更新源

# yum update

2. 安装 vsftpd

见 FTP 限制用户访问其他目录 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-11/148312.htm

3. 关闭 selinux

// 修改配置文件，重启服务后永久生效。
# sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
// 立即生效。
# setenforce 0

4. 安装依赖

# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make libtool zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

二、安装 nginx（两种，编译和源）

第一种源安装（推荐，之后配置以这种安装为准）:

// 安装 nginx 源 
# yum localinstall http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
// 安装 nginx
# yum install nginx
// 启动 nginx
# service nginx start

第二种编译安装（编译安装自由度高，但配置麻烦）：

// 下载 Nginx（如需最新版，也可直接去官网下载）# wget  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.11.12.tar.gz
// 解压
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.12.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.11.12 
// 创建用户
# groupadd -r nginx    
# useradd -r -g nginx  nginx
// 编译安装
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-pcre \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_mp4_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-file-aio \
--with-ipv6 \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-threads \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_ssl_module
# make && make install
# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client
// 添加 SysV 启动脚本。# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
>> 以下为脚本写入内容
#!/bin/sh 
# 
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon 
# 
# chkconfig:   - 85 15 
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ 
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server 
# processname: nginx 
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx 
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid 
# Source function library. 
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration. 
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up. 
["$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[-f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [-f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    echo -n $"Starting $prog:" 
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo 
    [$retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}
stop() {echo -n $"Stopping $prog:" 
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo 
    [$retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
killall -9 nginx
}
restart() {configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
reload() {configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog:" 
    killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
    echo 
}
force_reload() {restart}
configtest() {$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
    $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
      echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" 
        exit 2
esac
>> 写入内容结束
// 赋予脚本执行权限。# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
// 添加至服务管理列表，设置开机自启。# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig  nginx on
// 启动 nginx
# service nginx start

nginx 安装完成，等 php 安装好后，可以配置 nginx 文件

三、安装 mysql5.7

// 在 MySQL 官网中下载 YUM 源 rpm 安装包 
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
// 安装 mysql 源 
# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
// 检查 mysql 源是否安装成功 
# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
> mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  3
> mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       4
> mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 18
// 安装 mysql
# yum install mysql-community-server
# yum install mysql-community-devel
// 启动 mysql
# service mysqld start
// 查看 mysql 启动状态 
# service mysqld status
// 设置开机启动 
# systemctl enable mysqld
# systemctl daemon-reload
// 获取 mysql 默认生成的密码 
# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
> 2017-07-04T06:06:06.824762Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h8wob/ou+wpC
// :（冒号）后的就是自动生成的密码 h8wob/ou+wpC，换成自己的密码 
# mysql -uroot -p 
> Enter password:h8wob/ou+wpC
> mysql>
// 更换密码 
> mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123IsYourNewPassword!';

注意：这里的新密码必须包含数字、小写或大写字母、特殊字符串。这个密码的复杂程度，和 validate_password_policy 的值有关。

Policy	Tests Performed
0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

默认是 1，即 MEDIUM。如果想要降低密码复杂度，可以进入 mysql 后设置。

> mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
// 退出后再确认一次
> mysql> quit;
# mysql -uroot -p123IsYourNewPassword!
> mysql>

至此，mysql 安装完毕

四、安装 php7

// 官网下载 7.0.20 版本后，用 ftp 将源码包传到服务器中，保存在 /root 下 
# tar -zxvf php-7.0.20.tar.gz
# cd php-7.0.20
// 安装依赖包 
# yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
// 编译配置。如果按照我的步骤一步步来，应该一步到位，直接看见 Thank you for using PHP。如果报错，基本就是相关依赖未安装完全。
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx  \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared  \
--enable-soap \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-xmlrpc \
--with-openssl \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-mhash \
--with-pcre-regex \
--with-sqlite3 \
--with-zlib \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--with-cdb \
--enable-dom \
--enable-exif \
--enable-fileinfo \
--enable-filter \
--with-pcre-dir \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir  \
--with-freetype-dir \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-gd-jis-conv \
--with-gettext \
--with-gmp \
--with-mhash \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbregex-backtrack \
--with-libmbfl \
--with-onig \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-pdo-sqlite \
--with-readline \
--enable-session \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets  \
--enable-sysvmsg \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-wddx \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-xsl \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-opcache
// 编译安装 
# make && make install
// 添加 PHP 命令到环境变量 
# vim /etc/profile
// 立即生效 
# source /etc/profile
// 查看 PHP 版本 
# php -v
> PHP 7.0.20 (cli) (built: Jul  4 2017 14:39:02) (NTS)
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
// 配置 php-fpm
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
// 添加 php-fpm 至服务列表并设置开机自启。
# chkconfig --add php-fpm     
# chkconfig --list php-fpm     
# chkconfig php-fpm on
// 启动 php-fpm
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start

php 安装完成

五、nginx 站点配置

// 创建配置文件
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/yourWebAddress.com.conf
>> 写入内容
server {listen       80;
    server_name  www.yourWebAddress.com;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

    location / {root   /var/www/html;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {root   /var/www/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {root           /var/www/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /var/www/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}
>> 写入内容结束