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以 CentOS 7、MariaDB、PHP 7、Nginx 为环境部署 Nextcloud。
一、安装操作系统
首先安装操作系统，Nextcloud 只支持 Linux，由于个人习惯的原因，选择了 CentOS 7，使用最小化安装（为了保证之后的步骤能在只有最小化安装的 VPS 上重现，也为了节约硬件资源）。
最小化的 CentOS 7 安装完毕后，默认是没有启用网卡的，在本地登录系统后，首先进入网络配置目录，列出目录中的网卡配置文件
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ll | grep ifcfg-运行结果
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll | grep ifcfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312 Aug 30 10:01 ifcfg-enp0s3
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Sep 12 2016 ifcfg-lo除了 ifcfg-lo 以外的那个文件就是网卡配置文件，具体名称可能会有所不同。
然后使用 vi 编辑该文件，将最后一行“ONBOOT=no”改成“ONBOOT=yes”并保存退出。
通过命令重启网络服务，是配置生效
service network restart如果不想通过 DHCP 动态获取 IP 地址，也可以在网络配置文件中添加以下配置项指定网络参数
IPADDR0=192.168.21.128 # 设置 IP 地址
PREFIXO0=24 # 设置子网掩码
GATEWAY0=192.168.21.2 # 设置网关
DNS1=8.8.8.8 # 设置主 DNS
DNS2=8.8.4.4 # 设置备 DNS网卡启用后，就可以通过 SSH 远程操作、通过 yum 方便的安装程序了。
查看 ip 地址，可以通过 ip 命令
ip addr二、安装配置环境
1、安装基本工具
安装 yum 额外源、wget、unzip、gcc 等基本工具
yum -y install epel-release wget unzip gcc
yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel redis关闭 SELinux，可先通过 sestatus - v 命令查看 SELinux 是否开启
/usr/sbin/sestatus -v修改 /etc/selinux/config，将’SELINUX=enforcing’改为’SELINUX=disabled’，重启系统即可生效，或者本次可以使用’setenforce 0’临时关闭。
2、安装 MariaDB
通过 yum 安装 MariaDB
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server开启、启动服务，运行管理工具
systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service
MySQL_secure_installationmysql_secure_installation 的输入如下，牢记自己的数据库 root 密码
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y登录到 mysql shell 为 Nextcloud 创建用户和数据库。
mysql -u root -p验证 root 密码后，在 mysql shell 执行
create database nextcloud_db;
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
flush privileges;
exit这样就创建了一个 nextcloud_db 数据库和 nextclouduser 用户，用户密码为’nextclouduser@’。
3、安装 Nginx
通过 yum 安装 Nginx
yum -y install nginx
mkdir /var/www
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www开启、启动 Nginx 服务
systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service使用 nginx -s reload 可以重载配置而不需要重启 nginx
开放防火墙 HTTP、HTTPS 端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
systemctl restart firewalld4、安装 PHP
添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库，安装 php7 主体以及 nextcloud 需要的一些模块。
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php71w-fpm php71w-cli php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mysql php71w-pear php71w-xml php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-json php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-apcu php71w-pecl-apcu-devel php71w-pecl-igbinary php71w-pecl-igbinary-devel php71w-pecl-imagick php71w-pecl-imagick-devel php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-redis-devel
vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf编辑 /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
; 修改 user 和 group 这两行，大概在 8 行左右
user = nginx
group = nginx
; 取消这几行的注释，大概在第 370 行左右
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp建立相关目录，修改相关目录权限
mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/php/session/
vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini修改 /etc/php.d/opcache.ini，将以下行注释去掉，并修改为对应的配置值
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
opcache.save_comments=1安装 smbclient 扩展模块
yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel
pecl install smbclient
vi /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini新建 /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini，添加如下内容
extension=smbclient.so开启、启动 php-fpm 服务
systemctl enable php-fpm.service
systemctl start php-fpm.service三、安装 Nextcloud
1、下载并解压到 www 目录
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-12.0.2.zip
unzip nextcloud-12.0.2.zip
mv nextcloud /var/www/
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www2、生成 SSL 证书
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*3、在 Nginx 配置
修改 nginx 服务配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 为以下内容，将“yourname.domain”替换为自己的域名，修改 client_max_body_size 可以设置最大可上传的文件大小
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {worker_connections 1024;
}
http {include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream php-handler {server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {listen 80;
server_name yourname.domain;
# enforce https
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name yourname.domain;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
# includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/Javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location / {rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
# includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
}让 Nginx 重新载入配置
nginx -s reload4、初始化
使用域名或者 IP 访问，就会出现初始设置页面，在这里设置 Nextcloud 管理员用户名和密码，然后选择使用的数据库为 MySQL/MariaDB，填入之前设置数据库时的用户名（nextclouduser）、密码（nextclouduser@）、数据库名称（nextcloud_db），然后确认进行初始化后就可以使用了。
5、添加信任域名
Nextcloud 本身的安全机制，会检查访问的域名，如果没有配置在信任域名中，会提示正在通过不信任的域名访问。
Nextcloud 初始化完毕后，会生成“/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php”配置文件，里面的’trusted_domains’配置项为信任域名，初始化完毕后只有一项，为主机的 IP 地址。可以修改该配置项，添加绑定的域名
'trusted_domains' =>
array (0 => '192.168.56.101',
1 => 'yourname.domain',
),6、开启内存缓存
开启内存缓存，可以提升响应速度。之前我们已经通过 yum 安装了 redis 服务，通过 pecl 安装了 php 的 apcu、redis 组件，下面先把 redis 设置为系统服务，再修改 Nextcloud 的配置。
安装、配置 redis 服务，设置服务自启、启动服务
yum -y install redis
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis修改 /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php 文件，在配置加入
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => array('host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
),让 Nginx 重新载入配置
nginx -s reload本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-12/149717.htm
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