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以 CentOS 7、MariaDB、PHP 7、Nginx 为环境部署 Nextcloud。
一、安装操作系统
首先安装操作系统，Nextcloud 只支持 Linux，由于个人习惯的原因，选择了 CentOS 7，使用最小化安装（为了保证之后的步骤能在只有最小化安装的 VPS 上重现，也为了节约硬件资源）。
最小化的 CentOS 7 安装完毕后，默认是没有启用网卡的，在本地登录系统后，首先进入网络配置目录，列出目录中的网卡配置文件
| cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ | |
| ll | grep ifcfg- |
运行结果
| [] | |
| [] | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312 Aug 30 10:01 ifcfg-enp0s3 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Sep 12 2016 ifcfg-lo |
除了 ifcfg-lo 以外的那个文件就是网卡配置文件，具体名称可能会有所不同。
然后使用 vi 编辑该文件，将最后一行“ONBOOT=no”改成“ONBOOT=yes”并保存退出。
通过命令重启网络服务，是配置生效
service network restart
如果不想通过 DHCP 动态获取 IP 地址，也可以在网络配置文件中添加以下配置项指定网络参数
| IPADDR0=192.168.21.128 # 设置 IP 地址 | |
| PREFIXO0=24 # 设置子网掩码 | |
| GATEWAY0=192.168.21.2 # 设置网关 | |
| DNS1=8.8.8.8 # 设置主 DNS | |
| DNS2=8.8.4.4 # 设置备 DNS |
网卡启用后，就可以通过 SSH 远程操作、通过 yum 方便的安装程序了。
查看 ip 地址，可以通过 ip 命令
ip addr
二、安装配置环境
1、安装基本工具
安装 yum 额外源、wget、unzip、gcc 等基本工具
| yum -y install epel-release wget unzip gcc | |
| yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel redis |
关闭 SELinux，可先通过 sestatus - v 命令查看 SELinux 是否开启
/usr/sbin/sestatus -v
修改 /etc/selinux/config，将’SELINUX=enforcing’改为’SELINUX=disabled’，重启系统即可生效，或者本次可以使用’setenforce 0’临时关闭。
2、安装 MariaDB
通过 yum 安装 MariaDB
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
开启、启动服务，运行管理工具
| systemctl enable mariadb.service | |
| systemctl start mariadb.service | |
| MySQL_secure_installation |
mysql_secure_installation 的输入如下，牢记自己的数据库 root 密码
| Set root password? [Y/n] Y | |
| New password: | |
| Re-enter new password: | |
| Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y | |
| Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y | |
| Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y | |
| Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y |
登录到 mysql shell 为 Nextcloud 创建用户和数据库。
mysql -u root -p
验证 root 密码后，在 mysql shell 执行
| create database nextcloud_db; | |
| create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; | |
| grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; | |
| flush privileges; | |
| exit |
这样就创建了一个 nextcloud_db 数据库和 nextclouduser 用户，用户密码为’nextclouduser@’。
3、安装 Nginx
通过 yum 安装 Nginx
| yum -y install nginx | |
| mkdir /var/www | |
| chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www |
开启、启动 Nginx 服务
| systemctl enable nginx.service | |
| systemctl start nginx.service |
使用 nginx -s reload 可以重载配置而不需要重启 nginx
开放防火墙 HTTP、HTTPS 端口
| firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http | |
| firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https | |
| systemctl restart firewalld |
4、安装 PHP
添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库，安装 php7 主体以及 nextcloud 需要的一些模块。
| rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm | |
| yum -y install php71w-fpm php71w-cli php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mysql php71w-pear php71w-xml php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-json php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-apcu php71w-pecl-apcu-devel php71w-pecl-igbinary php71w-pecl-igbinary-devel php71w-pecl-imagick php71w-pecl-imagick-devel php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-redis-devel | |
| vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf |
编辑 /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
| ; 修改 user 和 group 这两行，大概在 8 行左右 | |
| user = nginx | |
| group = nginx | |
| ; 取消这几行的注释，大概在第 370 行左右 | |
| env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME | |
| env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin | |
| env[TMP] = /tmp | |
| env[TMPDIR] = /tmp | |
| env[TEMP] = /tmp |
建立相关目录，修改相关目录权限
| mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session | |
| chown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/php/session/ | |
| vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini |
修改 /etc/php.d/opcache.ini，将以下行注释去掉，并修改为对应的配置值
| zend_extension=opcache.so | |
| opcache.enable=1 | |
| opcache.enable_cli=1 | |
| opcache.memory_consumption=128 | |
| opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 | |
| opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 | |
| opcache.revalidate_freq=1 | |
| opcache.save_comments=1 |
安装 smbclient 扩展模块
| yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel | |
| pecl install smbclient | |
| vi /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini |
新建 /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini，添加如下内容
extension=smbclient.so
开启、启动 php-fpm 服务
| systemctl enable php-fpm.service | |
| systemctl start php-fpm.service |
三、安装 Nextcloud
1、下载并解压到 www 目录
| wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-12.0.2.zip | |
| unzip nextcloud-12.0.2.zip | |
| mv nextcloud /var/www/ | |
| chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www |
2、生成 SSL 证书
| mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/ | |
| openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key | |
| chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert | |
| chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/* |
3、在 Nginx 配置
修改 nginx 服务配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 为以下内容，将“yourname.domain”替换为自己的域名，修改 client_max_body_size 可以设置最大可上传的文件大小
| #user nobody; | |
| worker_processes 1; | |
| #error_log logs/error.log; | |
| #error_log logs/error.log notice; | |
| #error_log logs/error.log info; | |
| #pid logs/nginx.pid; | |
| events {worker_connections 1024; | |
| } | |
| http {include mime.types; | |
| default_type application/octet-stream; | |
| #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" ' | |
| # '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" ' | |
| # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; | |
| #access_log logs/access.log main; | |
| sendfile on; | |
| #tcp_nopush on; | |
| #keepalive_timeout 0; | |
| keepalive_timeout 65; | |
| #gzip on; | |
| upstream php-handler {server 127.0.0.1:9000; | |
| #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; | |
| } | |
| server {listen 80; | |
| server_name yourname.domain; | |
| # enforce https | |
| return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; | |
| } | |
| server {listen 443 ssl http2; | |
| server_name yourname.domain; | |
| ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt; | |
| ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key; | |
| # Add headers to serve security related headers | |
| # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this | |
| # topic first. | |
| # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; | |
| # includeSubDomains; preload;"; | |
| # | |
| # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about | |
| # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option | |
| # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped | |
| # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list | |
| # could take several months. | |
| add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; | |
| add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; | |
| add_header X-Robots-Tag none; | |
| add_header X-Download-Options noopen; | |
| add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none; | |
| # Path to the root of your installation | |
| root /var/www/nextcloud/; | |
| location = /robots.txt {allow all; | |
| log_not_found off; | |
| access_log off; | |
| } | |
| # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app. | |
| # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. | |
| #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last; | |
| #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json | |
| # last; | |
| location = /.well-known/carddav {return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav; | |
| } | |
| location = /.well-known/caldav {return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav; | |
| } | |
| # set max upload size | |
| client_max_body_size 512M; | |
| fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; | |
| # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers | |
| gzip on; | |
| gzip_vary on; | |
| gzip_comp_level 4; | |
| gzip_min_length 256; | |
| gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; | |
| gzip_types application/atom+xml application/Javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy; | |
| # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module | |
| # This module is currently not supported. | |
| #pagespeed off; | |
| location / {rewrite ^ /index.php$uri; | |
| } | |
| location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {deny all; | |
| } | |
| location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {deny all; | |
| } | |
| location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$; | |
| include fastcgi_params; | |
| fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; | |
| fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; | |
| fastcgi_param HTTPS on; | |
| #Avoid sending the security headers twice | |
| fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; | |
| fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; | |
| fastcgi_pass php-handler; | |
| fastcgi_intercept_errors on; | |
| fastcgi_request_buffering off; | |
| } | |
| location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {try_files $uri/ =404; | |
| index index.php; | |
| } | |
| # Adding the cache control header for js and css files | |
| # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block | |
| location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; | |
| add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463"; | |
| # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to | |
| # have those duplicated to the ones above) | |
| # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into | |
| # this topic first. | |
| # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; | |
| # includeSubDomains; preload;"; | |
| # | |
| # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about | |
| # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option | |
| # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped | |
| # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list | |
| # could take several months. | |
| add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; | |
| add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; | |
| add_header X-Robots-Tag none; | |
| add_header X-Download-Options noopen; | |
| add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none; | |
| # Optional: Don't log access to assets | |
| access_log off; | |
| } | |
| location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; | |
| # Optional: Don't log access to other assets | |
| access_log off; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |
让 Nginx 重新载入配置
nginx -s reload
4、初始化
使用域名或者 IP 访问，就会出现初始设置页面，在这里设置 Nextcloud 管理员用户名和密码，然后选择使用的数据库为 MySQL/MariaDB，填入之前设置数据库时的用户名（nextclouduser）、密码（nextclouduser@）、数据库名称（nextcloud_db），然后确认进行初始化后就可以使用了。
5、添加信任域名
Nextcloud 本身的安全机制，会检查访问的域名，如果没有配置在信任域名中，会提示正在通过不信任的域名访问。
Nextcloud 初始化完毕后，会生成“/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php”配置文件，里面的’trusted_domains’配置项为信任域名，初始化完毕后只有一项，为主机的 IP 地址。可以修改该配置项，添加绑定的域名
| 'trusted_domains' => | |
| array (0 => '192.168.56.101', | |
| 1 => 'yourname.domain', | |
| ), |
6、开启内存缓存
开启内存缓存，可以提升响应速度。之前我们已经通过 yum 安装了 redis 服务，通过 pecl 安装了 php 的 apcu、redis 组件，下面先把 redis 设置为系统服务，再修改 Nextcloud 的配置。
安装、配置 redis 服务，设置服务自启、启动服务
| yum -y install redis | |
| systemctl enable redis | |
| systemctl start redis |
修改 /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php 文件，在配置加入
| 'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu', | |
| 'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis', | |
| 'redis' => array('host' => 'localhost', | |
| 'port' => 6379, | |
| ), |
让 Nginx 重新载入配置
nginx -s reload
本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-12/149717.htm
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