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CentOS 7.4下二进制安装 Kubernetes 1.12

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软件环境

软件 版本
操作系统 CentOS 7.4
Docker 18-ce
Kubernetes 1.12

服务器角色

角色 IP 组件
k8s-master 192.168.0.205 kube-apiserver, kuber-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.0.206 kube-let, kuber-proxy, docker, flannel, etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.0.207 kube-let, kuber-proxy, docker, flannel, etcd

架构图

CentOS 7.4 下二进制安装 Kubernetes 1.12

在 master 上安装 ansible 管理集群

yum install ansible -y

# 配置 ansible 
cat > /etc/ansible/hosts <<EOF
[myhost]
192.168.0.205

[node]
192.168.0.206
192.168.0.207
EOF

# 生成无密码公私钥 
cd ~
ssh-keygen -t rsa

# 复制到对应的主机 
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.205
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.206
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.207

# 测试 ansible
ansible all -m ping

开放防火墙

ansible all -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.0/16" accept"'
ansible all -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --reload'

生成证书

在 k8s-master 上执行

使用 cfssl 来生成自签证书,先下载 cfssl 工具:

mkdir /iba/tools -p
cd /iba/tools

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl 
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson 
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

创建以下三个文件

cat > ca-config.json <<EOF 
{"signing": {"default": {"expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {"www": {"expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": ["signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

ca-config.json:可以定义多个 profiles,分别指定不同的过期时间、使用场景等参数;后续在签名证书时使用某个 profile;
signing:表示该证书可用于签名其它证书;生成的 ca.pem 证书中 CA=TRUE;
server auth:表示 client 可以用该 CA 对 server 提供的证书进行验证;
client auth:表示 server 可以用该 CA 对 client 提供的证书进行验证;

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{"CN": "etcd CA",
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

“CN”:Common Name,组件从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name);浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法;

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{"CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": ["192.168.0.205",
    "192.168.0.206",
    "192.168.0.207"
  ],
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

# 生成了 ca.pem ca-key.pem ca.csr

ca.pem,ca-key.pem,ca.csr 组成了一个自签名的 CA 机构

证书名称 作用
ca.pem CA 根证书文件
ca-key.pem 服务端私钥,用于对客户端请求的解密和签名
ca.csr 证书签名请求,用于交叉签名或重新签名
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

# 生成了 server.csr server-key.pem  server.pem

部署 Etcd

cd /iba/tools
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.12/etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

创建 etcd 配置文件:

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd <<EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.0.205:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.0.206:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.0.207:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

备注

ETCD_NAME                           # 节点名称 
ETCD_DATA_DIR                       # 数据目录 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS               # 集群通信监听地址 
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS             # 客户端访问监听地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS    # 集群通告地址 
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS          # 客户端通告地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER                # 集群节点地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN          # 集群 Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE          # 加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入已有 

systemd 管理 etcd:

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service <<-'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd

ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem

Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的位置:

cd /iba/tools
cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

把二进制文件和配置文件复制到 nodes 节点上

ansible node -m shell -a 'mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p'
cd /opt/etcd/bin/
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=etcd dest=/opt/etcd/bin/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=etcdctl dest=/opt/etcd/bin/'
ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/etcd/bin/etcd'
ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl'

cd /opt/etcd/ssl/
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=ca-key.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=ca.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=server-key.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=server.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m shell -a 'ls /opt/etcd/ssl/'

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd dest=/opt/etcd/cfg/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service dest=/usr/lib/systemd/system/'

修改 node1,node2 上面的 /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd 为对应的值

ETCD_NAME                            # 修改名称 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS                # 修改 IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS              # 修改 IP
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS     # 修改 IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS           # 修改 IP

启动 etcd

ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl enable etcd'
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl start etcd'

检查 etcd 集群状态

cd /opt/etcd/ssl

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.0.205:2379,https://192.168.0.206:2379,https://192.168.0.207:2379" \
cluster-health 

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 :https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-01/156518p2.htm

在 node 节点上安装 docker

参考 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-01/156519.htm

Flannel 工作原理:

CentOS 7.4 下二进制安装 Kubernetes 1.12

部署 Flannel 网络

在 master 上执行

# Falnnel 要用 etcd 存储自身一个子网信息,所以要保证能成功连接 Etcd,写入预定义子网段:
cd /opt/etcd/ssl

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.0.205:2379,https://192.168.0.206:2379,https://192.168.0.207:2379" set /coreos.com/network/config  '{"Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

下载 flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

ansible node -m file -a 'path=/iba/tools state=directory'

ansible node -m command -a 'wget -O /iba/tools/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz'

ansible node -m file -a 'path=/opt/kubernetes/bin state=directory'
ansible node -m shell -a 'tar zxf /iba/tools/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/kubernetes/bin/'  

systemd 管理 Flannel

mkdir /home/config && cd /home/config

cat > flanneld.service <<-'EOF'
[Unit] 
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent 
After=network-online.target network.target 
Before=docker.service
 
[Service] 
Type=notify 
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS 
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env 
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=flanneld.service dest=/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service'

配置 Flannel

ansible node -m file -a 'path=/opt/kubernetes/cfg state=directory'

cat > flanneld << EOF
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.0.205:2379,https://192.168.0.206:2379,https://192.168.0.207:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=flanneld dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld'

配置 Docker 启动指定子网段

# 在 node 上执行 
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
# 在 for containers run by docker 下面添加,修改两行 
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H unix://

启动 flannel 和 重启 docker

# 在 master 上执行 
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl daemon-reload' 
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl start flanneld' 
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl status flanneld.service'
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl restart docker'

检查 docker 有没有在指定的 ip 下启动

ansible node -m shell -a 'ps -ef|grep docker'

检查 docker0 与 flannel.1 在同一个网段

ansible node -m shell -a 'ip add'

软件环境

软件 版本
操作系统 CentOS 7.4
Docker 18-ce
Kubernetes 1.12

服务器角色

角色 IP 组件
k8s-master 192.168.0.205 kube-apiserver, kuber-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.0.206 kube-let, kuber-proxy, docker, flannel, etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.0.207 kube-let, kuber-proxy, docker, flannel, etcd

架构图

CentOS 7.4 下二进制安装 Kubernetes 1.12

在 master 上安装 ansible 管理集群

yum install ansible -y

# 配置 ansible 
cat > /etc/ansible/hosts <<EOF
[myhost]
192.168.0.205

[node]
192.168.0.206
192.168.0.207
EOF

# 生成无密码公私钥 
cd ~
ssh-keygen -t rsa

# 复制到对应的主机 
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.205
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.206
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.207

# 测试 ansible
ansible all -m ping

开放防火墙

ansible all -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.0/16" accept"'
ansible all -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --reload'

生成证书

在 k8s-master 上执行

使用 cfssl 来生成自签证书,先下载 cfssl 工具:

mkdir /iba/tools -p
cd /iba/tools

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl 
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson 
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

创建以下三个文件

cat > ca-config.json <<EOF 
{"signing": {"default": {"expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {"www": {"expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": ["signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

ca-config.json:可以定义多个 profiles,分别指定不同的过期时间、使用场景等参数;后续在签名证书时使用某个 profile;
signing:表示该证书可用于签名其它证书;生成的 ca.pem 证书中 CA=TRUE;
server auth:表示 client 可以用该 CA 对 server 提供的证书进行验证;
client auth:表示 server 可以用该 CA 对 client 提供的证书进行验证;

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{"CN": "etcd CA",
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

“CN”:Common Name,组件从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name);浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法;

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{"CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": ["192.168.0.205",
    "192.168.0.206",
    "192.168.0.207"
  ],
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

# 生成了 ca.pem ca-key.pem ca.csr

ca.pem,ca-key.pem,ca.csr 组成了一个自签名的 CA 机构

证书名称 作用
ca.pem CA 根证书文件
ca-key.pem 服务端私钥,用于对客户端请求的解密和签名
ca.csr 证书签名请求,用于交叉签名或重新签名
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

# 生成了 server.csr server-key.pem  server.pem

部署 Etcd

cd /iba/tools
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.12/etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

创建 etcd 配置文件:

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd <<EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.205:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.0.205:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.0.206:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.0.207:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

备注

ETCD_NAME                           # 节点名称 
ETCD_DATA_DIR                       # 数据目录 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS               # 集群通信监听地址 
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS             # 客户端访问监听地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS    # 集群通告地址 
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS          # 客户端通告地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER                # 集群节点地址 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN          # 集群 Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE          # 加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入已有 

systemd 管理 etcd:

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service <<-'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd

ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem

Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的位置:

cd /iba/tools
cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

把二进制文件和配置文件复制到 nodes 节点上

ansible node -m shell -a 'mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p'
cd /opt/etcd/bin/
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=etcd dest=/opt/etcd/bin/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=etcdctl dest=/opt/etcd/bin/'
ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/etcd/bin/etcd'
ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl'

cd /opt/etcd/ssl/
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=ca-key.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=ca.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=server-key.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=server.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl/'
ansible node -m shell -a 'ls /opt/etcd/ssl/'

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd dest=/opt/etcd/cfg/'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service dest=/usr/lib/systemd/system/'

修改 node1,node2 上面的 /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd 为对应的值

ETCD_NAME                            # 修改名称 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS                # 修改 IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS              # 修改 IP
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS     # 修改 IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS           # 修改 IP

启动 etcd

ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl enable etcd'
ansible node -m shell -a 'systemctl start etcd'

检查 etcd 集群状态

cd /opt/etcd/ssl

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.0.205:2379,https://192.168.0.206:2379,https://192.168.0.207:2379" \
cluster-health 

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 :https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-01/156518p2.htm

在 Master 节点部署组件

在部署 Kubernetes 之前一定要确保 etcd、flannel、docker 是正常工作的,否则先解决问题再继续。

创建 CA 证书

mkdir -p /iba/master-ca
cd /iba/master-ca

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{"signing": {"default": {"expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {"kubernetes": {"expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": ["signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# 生成了 ca.csr ca-key.pem  ca.pem

生成 apiserver 证书:

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": ["10.0.0.1",
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.0.205",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

# 生成了 server.pem,server-key.pem,server.csr

生成 kube-proxy 证书:

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {"algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {"C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# 生成了 kube-proxy.pem, kube-proxy-key.pem, kube-proxy.csr

部署 apiserver 组件

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
cd /iba/tools
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.4/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin/

# 创建 token 文件 
cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

cat > token.csv<< EOF
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

# token 文件说明 -- 第一列:随机字符串,自己可生成;第二列:用户名;第三列:UID;第四列:用户组 

创建 apiserver 配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.205:2379,https://192.168.0.206:2379,https://192.168.0.207:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.0.205 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.0.205 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF

参数说明:

--logtostderr                       // 启用日志 
---v                                // 日志等级 
--etcd-servers                      // etcd 集群地址 
--bind-address                      // 监听地址 
--secure-port                       // https 安全端口 
--advertise-address                 // 集群通告地址 
--allow-privileged                  // 启用授权 
--service-cluster-ip-range          // Service 虚拟 IP 地址段 
--enable-admission-plugins          // 准入控制模块 
--authorization-mode                // 认证授权,启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理 
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth       // 启用 TLS bootstrap 功能,后面会讲到 
--token-auth-file                   // token 文件 
--service-node-port-range Service   // Node 类型默认分配端口范围 
systemd 管理 apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << -'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
-EOF

# 复制证书到指定的位置 
cd /iba/master-ca/
cp server.pem server-key.pem ca.pem ca-key.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver

部署 scheduler 组件

# 创建 schduler 配置文件 
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"
EOF

# systemd 管理 schduler 组件 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << -'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
-EOF

# 启动 kube-scheduler
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

部署 controller-manager 组件

# 创建 controller-manager 配置文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"
EOF

# systemd 管理 controller-manager 组件 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << -'EOF'
[Unit] 
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager 
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes 
 
[Service] 
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager 
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure 
 
[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target
-EOF

# 启动 kube-scheduler
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager 
systemctl start kube-controller-manager 
systemctl status kube-controller-manager 

检查当前集群组件状态

/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs

在 master 上操作

vi /etc/profile
export PATH=/opt/kubernetes/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile

将 kubelet-bootstrap 用户绑定到系统集群角色

cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

创建 kubeconfig 文件

# 创建 kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.0.205:6443"

# 设置集群参数 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig 
 
# 设置客户端认证参数 
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数 
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置默认上下文 
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig 

创建 kube-proxy kubeconfig 文件

cp /iba/master-ca/kube-proxy.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
cp /iba/master-ca/kube-proxy-key.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig 

# 将这两个文件拷贝到 Node 节点 /opt/kubernetes/cfg 目录下
bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=bootstrap.kubeconfig dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=kube-proxy.kubeconfig dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg'

部署 kubelet 组件

cd /iba/tools/kubernetes/server/bin

ansible node -m copy -a 'src=kubelet dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin'
ansible node -m copy -a 'src=kube-proxy dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin'

ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet'
ansible node -m shell -a 'chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy'

在 node1 上执行

# 创建 kubelet 配置文件:cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet << EOF 
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.0.206 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
 参数说明:--hostname-override           // 在集群中显示的主机名 
--kubeconfig                  // 指定 kubeconfig 文件位置,会自动生成 
--bootstrap-kubeconfig        // 指定刚才生成的 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件 
--cert-dir                    // 颁发证书存放位置 
--pod-infra-container-image   // 管理 Pod 网络的镜像 
# kubelet.config 配置文件如下 
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.0.206
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true
EOF

systemd 管理 kubelet 组件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << -'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
-EOF

启动 kubelet

chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet 
systemctl status kubelet 


# 把配置文件发送到 node2
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet root@192.168.0.207:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config root@192.168.0.207:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service root@192.168.0.207:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

# 在 node2 上修改对应的 IP
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config

chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet 
systemctl status kubelet 

在 master 审批 Node 加入集群

cd /opt/kubernetes/bin
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve XXXXX
kubectl get node

部署 kube-proxy 组件

# 在 node1 上执行 
# 创建 kube-proxy 配置文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy << EOF 
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=192.168.0.206 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --proxy-mode=ipvs --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig" 
EOF

# systemd 管理 kube-proxy 组件 
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << -'EOF'  
[Unit] 
Description=Kubernetes Proxy 
After=network.target 
 
[Service] 
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy 
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure 
 
[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target 
-EOF

chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kube-proxy 
systemctl start kube-proxy 
systemctl status kube-proxy 

# 把配置文件发送到 node2
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy root@192.168.0.207:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service root@192.168.0.207:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

# 在 node2 上修改到对应的 IP
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy 

chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable kube-proxy 
systemctl start kube-proxy 
systemctl status kube-proxy

检查集群状态

# 在 master 上 
kubectl get node

kubectl get cs

注册登录阿里云容器仓库

因国内无法获得 google 的 pause-amd64 镜像,我这里使用阿里云的。这里需要阿里云的帐号和密码。

 在 node 节点上执行
sudo docker login --username={帐号} registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

运行测试实例

# 在 master 上执行 
kubectl  run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

获取 node 节点的 pod,svc 信息

# 提升权限 
kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:anonymous   --clusterrole=cluster-admin   --user=system:anonymous

kubectl get pods -o wide
kubectl get svc

根据获得的端口,访问 nginx
CentOS 7.4 下二进制安装 Kubernetes 1.12

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