Oracle删除表空间遇到的问题及解决

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问题 1：删除表空间期间遭遇报错 ORA-29857

删除表空间语句：DROP TABLESPACE SAC INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
根据 MOS 文档：
How To Resolve ORA-29857 During a Drop Tablespace although No Domain Index exists in This Tablespace (文档 ID 1610456.1)
对于 ORA-29857 这个错误，文档说的很清楚：

现象：

删除表空间时，遇到报错 ORA-29857，例如：
SQL> drop tablespace SAC including contents and datafiles

drop tablespace SAC including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29857: domain indexes and/or secondary objects exist in the tablespace

然而，你并未在这个表空间中发现域索引：

SQL> SELECT OWNER,INDEX_NAME, TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME
 FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE INDEX_TYPE='DOMAIN'
 AND TABLESPACE_NAME ='SAC';
 
no rows selected

原因：

The table which is in the tablespace to be dropped has a domain index which needs to be dropped before dropping the tablespace.
Domain indexes cannot be created in a specific tablespace and the TABLESPACE_NAME column in DBA_INDEXES is always null for domain indexes.

要删除的表空间中的表有一个域索引，这个域索引在删除表空间前需要被删除掉。
域索引不能被创建在指定的表空间，对于域索引，DBA_INDEXES 中的 TABLESPACE_NAME 列值总是空值。

解决方法：

You need to identify and drop the secondary objects:
你需要找出并删除二级对象：

1.The domain index associated with a table in the tablespace to be dropped can be identified from the following query:
要删除的与在这个表空间中的表相关的域索引可以通过下面的查询找出来：

SQL> SELECT INDEX_NAME,I.TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES I, DBA_TABLES T 
WHERE T.TABLE_NAME=I.TABLE_NAME 
AND T.OWNER=I.OWNER
AND I.INDEX_TYPE='DOMAIN'
and t.TABLESPACE_NAME='&TABLESPACE_NAME';

2.Secondary objects associated with domain indexes, can be identified from the following query:
与域索引相关的二级对象，可以通过下面的查询找出来：

SQL> SELECT SECONDARY_OBJECT_OWNER,SECONDARY_OBJECT_NAME,SECONDARY_OBJDATA_TYPE FROM DBA_SECONDARY_OBJECTS WHERE INDEX_NAME='INDEX_NAME_From_Previous_Query';

Once you identify the secondary objects, you can drop those and then drop the tablespace.
一旦你找出这些二级对象，你就可以删除它们然后再删除表空间。

Please see the following example:
请看下面的例子：

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE SAC DATAFILE 'C:\SAC.DBF' SIZE 50M;
 
Tablespace created.
 
SQL> CREATE TABLE SAC TABLESPACE SAC AS SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
 
Table created.
 
SQL> begin
 ctx_ddl.create_preference('SUBSTRING_PREF','BASIC_WORDLIST');
 ctx_ddl.set_attribute('SUBSTRING_PREF', 'SUBSTRING_INDEX','TRUE');
 end;
 /
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
 
-- Trying to create the domain index in specific tablespace fails with ORA-29850:
 
SQL> CREATE INDEX SAC_INDX ON SAC(OBJECT_TYPE) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT PARAMETERS ('WORDLIST SUBSTRING_PREF MEMORY 50M') TABLESPACE SAC;
CREATE INDEX SAC_INDX ON SAC(OBJECT_TYPE) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT PARAMETERS ('WORDLIST SUBSTRING_PREF MEMORY 50M') TABLESPACE SAC
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29850: invalid option for creation of domain indexes
 
SQL> CREATE INDEX SAC_INDX ON SAC(OBJECT_TYPE) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT PARAMETERS ('WORDLIST SUBSTRING_PREF MEMORY 50M');
 
Index created. 
 
SQL> drop tablespace sac including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace sac including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29857: domain indexes and/or secondary objects exist in the tablespace
 
-- Trying to find the domain index in this tablespace:
 
SQL> SELECT OWNER,INDEX_NAME, TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME
 FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE INDEX_TYPE='DOMAIN'
 AND TABLESPACE_NAME ='SAC';
 
no rows selected
 
--Trying to find segments created in this newly created tablespace:
 
SQL> SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,SEGMENT_TYPE FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='SAC';
 
SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE
-------------------- ------------------
SAC TABLE
 
-- Trying to find the segment for index SAC_INDX :
 
SQL> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='SAC_INDX';
 
no rows selected
 
-- Trying to find the tablespace for index SAC_INDX from DBA_INDEXES :
 
SQL> set null null
SQL> select INDEX_TYPE,TABLE_TYPE,DOMIDX_STATUS,DOMIDX_OPSTATUS,SEGMENT_CREATED,TABLESPACE_NAME from DBA_INDEXES where INDEX_NAME='SAC_INDX';
 
INDEX_TYPE TABLE_TYPE DOMIDX_STATU DOMIDX SEG TABLESPACE_NAME
--------------------------- ----------- ------------ ------ --- ------------------------------
DOMAIN TABLE VALID VALID YES null
 
--To find the indexes that are causing ORA-29857 , please use the following query :
 
SQL> col TABLE_NAME for a30
SQL> col INDEX_NAME for a30
 
SQL> SELECT INDEX_NAME,I.TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES I, DBA_TABLES T
 
 WHERE T.TABLE_NAME=I.TABLE_NAME
 AND T.OWNER=I.OWNER
 AND I.INDEX_TYPE='DOMAIN'
 and t.TABLESPACE_NAME='SAC';
 
INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SAC_INDX SAC
 
SQL> DROP INDEX SAC_INDX;
 
Index dropped.
 
--confirm that no secondary objects associated with domain index still exist:
 
SQL> SELECT SECONDARY_OBJECT_OWNER,SECONDARY_OBJECT_NAME,SECONDARY_OBJDATA_TYPE FROM DBA_SECONDARY_OBJECTS WHERE INDEX_NAME='SAC_INDX';
 
no rows selected
 
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE SAC INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
 
Tablespace dropped.

问题 2：删除表空间期间遭遇 ORA-02429

对于 ORA-02429 这个错误，MOS 文档的描述也很清楚：
Drop Tablespace Failed with ORA-02429: cannot drop index used for enforcement of unique/primary key (文档 ID 1918060.1)

现象：

删除表空间失败，伴随下面的错误：

SQL> DROP TABLESPACE REP_DATA INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
DROP TABLESPACE REP_DATA INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-02429: cannot drop index used for enforcement of unique/primary key

解决方法：

Find the constraint name for the unique/primary key, disable the constraint and drop the tablespace again.
找到那些惟一 / 主键约束名，禁用这些约束然后再次删除表空间。

Steps:
=====
1) Execute below query to find the constraint name:
执行下面的查询来找到约束名：SQL> select owner, constraint_name,table_name,index_owner,index_name
from dba_constraints
where (index_owner,index_name) in (select owner,index_name from dba_indexes
where tablespace_name='<tablespace_name>');
 
2) Disable the constraint:
禁用约束：SQL> ALTER TABLE <table_name> DISABLE CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>;
 
3) Drop the tablespace:
删除表空间：SQL> DROP TABLESPACE <tablespace_name> INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;  

问题 3：表空间删除完毕，主机磁盘空间不释放

如果等待很长时间都没有释放，那么可参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130312.htm

建议的操作方法如下：
1、下载一个 lsof 软件装上，google 上可以搜到
2、找到正在用被删文件的进程
lsof | grep deleted
3、kill 掉相应的进程空间就释放了

一般这种情况，并不建议重启数据库或主机。

更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130313.htm