CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

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最近要运维一个项目，准备在家办公，公司无远程作业环境，个人本本不喜欢别人碰，第一次在 CentOS 上安装，本案留以后使用，毕竟不是经常安装。

注：Oracle11gR2 X64 安装

一、环境准备

安装包：

 1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe
2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

以上觉得不是重点，不给下载地址，不描述安装过程，安装完 CentOS 7，截图如下：

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

第一次安装防坑，没有进行任何操作之前，先在 VMware 中创建该虚拟机快照，后期搞郁闷了，可以回归到该快照版本。特么还是不放心，又把该虚拟机完整克隆一份（强迫症）。

二、安装 Oracle 前准备

1. 创建运行 oracle 数据库的系统用户和用户组

 [sonny@localhost ~]$ su root  # 切换到 root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall  # 创建用户组 oinstall
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba  # 创建用户组 dba
[root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle  # 创建 oracle 用户，并加入到 oinstall 和 dba 用户组 
[root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle  # 设置用户 oracle 的登陆密码，不设置密码，在 CentOS 的图形登陆界面没法登陆 
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:   # 密码 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:   # 确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost sonny]# id oracle # 查看新建的 oracle 用户 
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhost sonny]#

为啥要创建 oinstall 用户组及 dba 组？参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13

理论上单例按照需要 3 种用户组，实际只建两个 oinstall 和 dba，后面再安装 oracle 数据库的时候把 OSOPER 组也设置是 dba 组。

 a.oracle 清单组（一般为 oinstall):
 OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时， OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。b. 数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）:
 OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关  闭实例。该组的默认名称为 dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA  系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。c. 数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）:
 OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。 该组的默认名称为 oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。

2. 创建 oracle 数据库安装目录

 [sonny@localhost ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle  #oracle 数据库安装目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory  #oracle 数据库配置文件目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database  #oracle 数据库软件包解压目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls  # 创建完毕检查一下（强迫症）
database  oracle  oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle  # 设置目录所有者为 oinstall 用户组的 oracle 用户 
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]#

3. 修改 OS 系统标识

oracle 默认不支持 CentOS 系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS 要求参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

我安装是 64 位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7（RHEL 7）

另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release

 [sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release  
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
redhat-7 
[root@localhost data]#

4. 安装 oracle 数据库所需要的软件包

重复一遍，我安装时 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64 位数据库。

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：（参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG）

  操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

老实人，第一次搞，一个一个的安装, 命令也很简单，反正文档要求高版本也可以：

 [sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils 省略...

5. 关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2 默认使用的是 firewall 作为防火墙

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  # 查看防火墙状态，运行中 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
 Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─802 /usr/bin/Python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
 
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  # 关闭防火墙 
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
 Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service  # 禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#

防火墙先禁用，搞好之后再配置，个人虚拟机，要毛线防火墙~~

6. 关闭 selinux（需重启生效）

 [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config
 
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   # 此处修改为 disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 
 
 
[root@localhost /]#

为啥要关闭 selinux？因为 selinux 太高深，非专业人士搞不懂~~

7. 修改内核参数

红色部分为添加代码

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost /]#

使配置参数生效

 [root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#

8. 对 oracle 用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（红色为添加部分）

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#
 
#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
 
# End of file
[root@localhost /]#

9. 配置用户的环境变量（红色部分为添加代码）

 [root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if [-f ~/.bashrc]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
 
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
 
export PATH
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle 启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm 窗口模式安装
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK  #设置 Oracle 客户端字符集，必须与 Oracle 安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题 
[root@localhost /]#

使上述配置立即生效：

 [oracle@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]#

10. 上述都搞定了，上传安装包我喜欢 xftp，将 oracle 安装包上传到 /usr/local/src

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

11. 解压安装包

 [oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src  # 进入 /usr/local/src 目录 
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/  # 解压 
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/  # 解压 
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#

三、oracle 安装

1. 图形界面登陆 oracle 用户：

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

2. 启动 oralce 安装，到 /data/database/database/ 目录下，执行 runInstaller

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

3. 去掉勾，懒得填，个人使用环境不需要自动接收 Oracle 的安全更新。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

4. 下一步，只安装数据库软件，个人用不要那些玩意~~

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130559p2.htm

5. 选择单例安装，前面的所有配置均为单例安装。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

6. 添加语言

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

7. 默认安装版本企业版 -Enterprise Edition – 图没了。

8. 确定数据软件的安装路径，自动读取前面 Oracle 环境变量中配置的值。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

9. 理论上要创建 Database Operation（OSOPER）Group:oper , 个人用，懒得建，就使用 dba 用户组

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

10. 安装检查，按照提示信息一个一个解决。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

swap 空间不足解决：（要求 2.67G 实际 2G）

 [root@localhost oracle]# free -m  # 查看当前虚拟内存 
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1369          93          10         361         250
Swap:          2048          20        2028
[root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000  # 将当前 swap 空间由 2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一个 2014 的 swap 文件 
1024000+0 records in
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1275          95          10         454         342
Swap:          2048         141        1907
[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap  # 增加并启用虚拟内容 
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m  # 再次查看 
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1275          94          10         454         342
Swap:          3048         141        2907

11. 一个一个检查 package，在准备阶段中漏掉的，此处再安装，有些系统报错是因为现有的包的版本比检测要高，最后忽略即可。（点击 Check_Again 多检查几次）

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

12. 准备完毕，fuck“Finish”开始安装。

最近要运维一个项目，准备在家办公，公司无远程作业环境，个人本本不喜欢别人碰，第一次在 CentOS 上安装，本案留以后使用，毕竟不是经常安装。

注：Oracle11gR2 X64 安装

一、环境准备

安装包：

 1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe
2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

以上觉得不是重点，不给下载地址，不描述安装过程，安装完 CentOS 7，截图如下：

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

二、安装 Oracle 前准备

1. 创建运行 oracle 数据库的系统用户和用户组

 [sonny@localhost ~]$ su root  # 切换到 root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall  # 创建用户组 oinstall
[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba  # 创建用户组 dba
[root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle  # 创建 oracle 用户，并加入到 oinstall 和 dba 用户组 
[root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle  # 设置用户 oracle 的登陆密码，不设置密码，在 CentOS 的图形登陆界面没法登陆 
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:   # 密码 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:   # 确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost sonny]# id oracle # 查看新建的 oracle 用户 
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhost sonny]#

为啥要创建 oinstall 用户组及 dba 组？参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13

理论上单例按照需要 3 种用户组，实际只建两个 oinstall 和 dba，后面再安装 oracle 数据库的时候把 OSOPER 组也设置是 dba 组。

 a.oracle 清单组（一般为 oinstall):
 OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时， OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。b. 数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）:
 OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关  闭实例。该组的默认名称为 dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA  系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。c. 数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）:
 OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。 该组的默认名称为 oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。

2. 创建 oracle 数据库安装目录

 [sonny@localhost ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle  #oracle 数据库安装目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory  #oracle 数据库配置文件目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database  #oracle 数据库软件包解压目录 
[root@localhost sonny]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls  # 创建完毕检查一下（强迫症）
database  oracle  oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle  # 设置目录所有者为 oinstall 用户组的 oracle 用户 
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]#

3. 修改 OS 系统标识

oracle 默认不支持 CentOS 系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS 要求参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

我安装是 64 位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7（RHEL 7）

另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release

 [sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release  
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
redhat-7 
[root@localhost data]#

4. 安装 oracle 数据库所需要的软件包

重复一遍，我安装时 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64 位数据库。

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：（参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG）

  操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

老实人，第一次搞，一个一个的安装, 命令也很简单，反正文档要求高版本也可以：

 [sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils 省略...

5. 关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2 默认使用的是 firewall 作为防火墙

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  # 查看防火墙状态，运行中 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
 Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─802 /usr/bin/Python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
 
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  # 关闭防火墙 
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service  #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
 Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service  # 禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#

防火墙先禁用，搞好之后再配置，个人虚拟机，要毛线防火墙~~

6. 关闭 selinux（需重启生效）

 [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config
 
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   # 此处修改为 disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 
 
 
[root@localhost /]#

为啥要关闭 selinux？因为 selinux 太高深，非专业人士搞不懂~~

7. 修改内核参数

红色部分为添加代码

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost /]#

使配置参数生效

 [root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#

8. 对 oracle 用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（红色为添加部分）

 [sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#
 
#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
 
# End of file
[root@localhost /]#

9. 配置用户的环境变量（红色部分为添加代码）

 [root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if [-f ~/.bashrc]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
 
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
 
export PATH
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle 启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm 窗口模式安装
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK  #设置 Oracle 客户端字符集，必须与 Oracle 安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题 
[root@localhost /]#

使上述配置立即生效：

 [oracle@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]#

10. 上述都搞定了，上传安装包我喜欢 xftp，将 oracle 安装包上传到 /usr/local/src

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

11. 解压安装包

 [oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src  # 进入 /usr/local/src 目录 
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/  # 解压 
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/  # 解压 
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#

三、oracle 安装

1. 图形界面登陆 oracle 用户：

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

2. 启动 oralce 安装，到 /data/database/database/ 目录下，执行 runInstaller

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

3. 去掉勾，懒得填，个人使用环境不需要自动接收 Oracle 的安全更新。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

4. 下一步，只安装数据库软件，个人用不要那些玩意~~

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130559p2.htm

13. 安装过程是一个漫长的过程，中间有几次卡住，没有出现任何画面，屏幕中间有条小线，尝试多次，发现光标在该线上，右键点击 Closed，不知道关闭了啥，又能继续安装了。先装吧，到时看安装日志再说。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

14. 提示安装成功。安装日志懒得看，再说。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

四、配置监听 listener

1. 执行 netca 报错

 [Oracle@localhost ~]$ netca
 
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
#
# An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:
#
#  SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007f69a69fcb9d, pid=8033, tid=140092892297024
#
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (1.5.0_17-b03 mixed mode)
# Problematic frame:
# C  [libclntsh.so.11.1+0x62ab9d]  snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as hs_err_pid8033.log
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
#   http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp
#
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca: line 178:  8033 Aborted                 (core dumped) $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*
[oracle@localhost ~]$

错误原因：安装操作系统是默认主机名 localhost 造成错误

解决办法：

 racle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
 
[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network  # 增加 HOSTNAME
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
HOSTNAME=odb-sonny
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/hosts  #增加 HOSTNAME
[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts     
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 odb-sonny
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@localhost oracle]# hostname odb-sonny  # 执行 
[root@localhost oracle]#

最后注销当前 oracle 用户，重新登陆即可 ！！这次发现打开配置界面正常，安装 windows 下面配置即可。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

五、创建 Oracle 数据实例 Orcl

执行 dbca 命令，启动 oracle 实例安装界面，剩下的与 Windows 上安装一样，不废话了：

注意：必须先创建监听，并且监听是启动中，否则报错。

CentOS7 安装 Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

六、检查安装日志检查

发现有几个错误（ 原因未知，后续再看 ）：

错误 1：

 INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14'collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
 
INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1
 
INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'. 
See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details.
Exception Severity: 1

错误 2：

 INFO: /usr/bin/ld: warning: -z lazyload ignored.
/usr/bin/ld: warning: -z nolazyload ignored.
/usr/bin/ld: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib//libnmectl.a(nmectlt.o): undefined reference to symbol 'B_DestroyKeyObject'
/usr/bin/ld: note: 'B_DestroyKeyObject' is defined in DSO /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so so try adding it to the linker command line
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so: could not read symbols: Invalid operation
 
INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
 
INFO: make[1]: *** [/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1
 
INFO: make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib'
INFO: make: *** [emdctl] Error 2
 
INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details.
Exception Severity: 1
INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  make
    registerOnly = false
    installMakePath = /usr/bin/make
    installMakeFileName = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk
    installTarget = all_no_orcl
    undoMakeFileName = 
    installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
    logFile = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/make.log
    undoTarget = 
    progMsg = Linking RDBMS Executables

更多 CentOS 相关信息见 CentOS 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14

更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130559.htm

CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解

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8张Linux思维导图，加速你的IT成长之路！

	1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe
	2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
	3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
	linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

	[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root # 切换到 root
	Password:
	[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall # 创建用户组 oinstall
	[root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba # 创建用户组 dba
	[root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle # 创建 oracle 用户，并加入到 oinstall 和 dba 用户组
	[root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle # 设置用户 oracle 的登陆密码，不设置密码，在 CentOS 的图形登陆界面没法登陆
	Changing password for user oracle.
	New password: # 密码
	BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
	Retype new password: # 确认密码
	passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
	[root@localhost sonny]# id oracle # 查看新建的 oracle 用户
	uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
	[root@localhost sonny]#

	a.oracle 清单组（一般为 oinstall):
	OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时， OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。b. 数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）:
	OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关闭实例。该组的默认名称为 dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA 系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。c. 数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）:
	OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。该组的默认名称为 oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。

	[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录
	[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle 数据库配置文件目录
	[root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle 数据库软件包解压目录
	[root@localhost sonny]# cd /data
	[root@localhost data]# ls # 创建完毕检查一下（强迫症）
	database oracle oraInventory
	[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle # 设置目录所有者为 oinstall 用户组的 oracle 用户
	[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
	[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
	[root@localhost data]#

	[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version
	Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
	[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
	CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
	[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
	[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
	redhat-7
	[root@localhost data]#

	操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
	The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
	binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
	compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
	gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
	gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
	glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
	glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
	glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
	glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
	ksh
	libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
	libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
	libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
	libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
	libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
	libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
	libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
	libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
	libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
	libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
	libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
	libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
	libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
	libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
	make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
	sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

	[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils 省略...

	[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service # 查看防火墙状态，运行中
	● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
	Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
	Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
	Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
	CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
	└─802 /usr/bin/Python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

	Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
	Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
	[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service # 关闭防火墙
	[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭
	● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
	Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
	Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
	Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

	Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
	Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
	Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
	Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
	[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service # 禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）
	Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
	Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
	[root@localhost /]#

	[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
	[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config

	# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
	# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
	# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
	# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
	# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
	SELINUX=disabled # 此处修改为 disabled
	# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
	# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
	# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
	# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
	SELINUXTYPE=targeted


	[root@localhost /]#

	[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
	[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
	cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
	[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
	# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
	# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
	#
	# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
	net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
	net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
	fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
	fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
	kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
	kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
	kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
	kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
	net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
	net.core.rmem_default = 262144
	net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
	net.core.wmem_default= 262144
	net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
	[root@localhost /]#

	[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
	net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
	net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
	sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
	fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
	fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
	sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
	kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G 内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
	sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
	kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
	sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
	kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
	kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
	sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
	net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的 IPv4 端口范围
	net.core.rmem_default = 262144
	net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
	net.core.wmem_default = 262144
	net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
	[root@localhost /]#

	[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
	[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
	# /etc/security/limits.conf
	#
	#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
	#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
	#
	#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
	#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
	#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
	#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
	#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
	#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
	#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
	#
	#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
	#
	#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
	#
	#Where:
	#<domain> can be:
	# - a user name
	# - a group name, with @group syntax
	# - the wildcard *, for default entry
	# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
	# for maxlogin limit
	#
	#<type> can have the two values:
	# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
	# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
	#
	#<item> can be one of the following:
	# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
	# - data - max data size (KB)
	# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
	# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
	# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
	# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
	# - stack - max stack size (KB)
	# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
	# - nproc - max number of processes
	# - as - address space limit (KB)
	# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
	# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
	# - priority - the priority to run user process with
	# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
	# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
	# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
	# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
	# - rtprio - max realtime priority
	#
	#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
	#

	#* soft core 0
	#* hard rss 10000
	#@student hard nproc 20
	#@faculty soft nproc 20
	#@faculty hard nproc 50
	#ftp hard nproc 0
	#@student - maxlogins 4
	oracle soft nproc 2047
	oracle hard nproc 16384
	oracle soft nofile 1024
	oracle hard nofile 65536

	# End of file
	[root@localhost /]#

	[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	# .bash_profile

	# Get the aliases and functions
	if [-f ~/.bashrc]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
	fi

	# User specific environment and startup programs

	PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

	export PATH

	export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录
	export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 数据库路径
	export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle 启动数据库实例名
	export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm 窗口模式安装
	export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
	export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
	export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
	export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置 Oracle 客户端字符集，必须与 Oracle 安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题
	[root@localhost /]#

	[oracle@localhost /]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	[root@localhost /]#

	[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src # 进入 /usr/local/src 目录
	[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
	linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
	[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/ # 解压
	(省略...)
	[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/ # 解压
	(省略...)
	[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
	Password:
	[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
	[root@localhost src]#

	[root@localhost oracle]# free -m # 查看当前虚拟内存
	total used free shared buff/cache available
	Mem: 1824 1369 93 10 361 250
	Swap: 2048 20 2028
	[root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000 # 将当前 swap 空间由 2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一个 2014 的 swap 文件
	1024000+0 records in
	1024000+0 records out
	1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
	[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
	Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
	no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
	[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
	total used free shared buff/cache available
	Mem: 1824 1275 95 10 454 342
	Swap: 2048 141 1907
	[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap # 增加并启用虚拟内容
	swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
	[root@localhost oracle]# free -m # 再次查看
	total used free shared buff/cache available
	Mem: 1824 1275 94 10 454 342
	Swap: 3048 141 2907

	[Oracle@localhost ~]$ netca

	Oracle Net Services Configuration:
	#
	# An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:
	#
	# SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007f69a69fcb9d, pid=8033, tid=140092892297024
	#
	# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (1.5.0_17-b03 mixed mode)
	# Problematic frame:
	# C [libclntsh.so.11.1+0x62ab9d] snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1
	#
	# An error report file with more information is saved as hs_err_pid8033.log
	#
	# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
	# http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp
	#
	/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca: line 178: 8033 Aborted (core dumped) $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*
	[oracle@localhost ~]$

	racle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
	# Created by anaconda

	[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network # 增加 HOSTNAME
	[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
	# Created by anaconda
	HOSTNAME=odb-sonny
	[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
	127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
	::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
	[root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/hosts #增加 HOSTNAME
	[root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
	127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 odb-sonny
	::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
	[root@localhost oracle]# hostname odb-sonny # 执行
	[root@localhost oracle]#

	INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14'collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

	INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1

	INFO: End output from spawned process.
	INFO: ----------------------------------
	INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
	Exception Name: MakefileException
	Exception String: Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'.
	See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details.
	Exception Severity: 1

	INFO: /usr/bin/ld: warning: -z lazyload ignored.
	/usr/bin/ld: warning: -z nolazyload ignored.
	/usr/bin/ld: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib//libnmectl.a(nmectlt.o): undefined reference to symbol 'B_DestroyKeyObject'
	/usr/bin/ld: note: 'B_DestroyKeyObject' is defined in DSO /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so so try adding it to the linker command line
	/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so: could not read symbols: Invalid operation

	INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

	INFO: make[1]: *** [/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1

	INFO: make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib'
	INFO: make: *** [emdctl] Error 2

	INFO: End output from spawned process.
	INFO: ----------------------------------
	INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
	Exception Name: MakefileException
	Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details.
	Exception Severity: 1
	INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0 make
	registerOnly = false
	installMakePath = /usr/bin/make
	installMakeFileName = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk
	installTarget = all_no_orcl
	undoMakeFileName =
	installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
	logFile = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/make.log
	undoTarget =
	progMsg = Linking RDBMS Executables