MySQL 5.6主从同步配置案例

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MySQL 5.6 主从同步配置案例分享，希望对大家有所帮助。

本文环境
主库：CentOS6.5 x64 192.168.0.65 mysql-5.6.29
备库：CentOS6.5 x64 192.168.0.66 mysql-5.6.29

一、常规配置方式一

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin = master-bin
log-bin-index = master-bin.index
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 1

# service mysqld restart

grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl’@’%’ identified by ‘123456’;
flush privileges;

说明: 默认只要 server-id 不相同即可。

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 11
relay-log = slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index

配置说明: 不同步 mysql 库可以实现主从库有不同的帐号权限，经过测试，mysql5.6.29 中只在从库中配置有效。

其它参数：
binlog-do-db = mydb 仅同步一个数据库
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql 忽略掉 mysql 库, 该参数产生很多意外的同步问题，还是不使用。
replicate_wild_ignore_table = mysql.% 忽略掉 mysql 库

# service mysqld restart

CREATE DATABASE `mydb`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`password` char(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ;

INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘1’, ‘koumm’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘2’, ‘zhangsan’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘3’, ‘lisi’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘4’, ‘li2si’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘5’, ‘abc’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘6’, ‘tom’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘7’, ‘jk’, ‘123456’);
INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘8’, ‘xb’, ‘123456’);

mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B mydb > mydb.sql
说明：- B 参数有建库语句。

mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>

# mysql -uroot -padmin < mydb.sql

mysql >

CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=’192.168.0.65′,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER=’repl’,
MASTER_PASSWORD=’123456′,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=’master-bin.000001′,
MASTER_LOG_POS=353;

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.65
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 353
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 284
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 353
Relay_Log_Space: 457
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: c8bb22a1-024e-11e6-a1e8-000c29225fa0
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql>

# 查看如下两个参数为 YES，说明从库运行正常。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

# 主库插入一条记录

mysql> use mydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from stu;
+—-+———-+———-+
| id | username | password |
+—-+———-+———-+
| 1 | koumm | 123456 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 123456 |
| 3 | lisi | 123456 |
| 4 | wangwu | 123456 |
| 5 | zhaoliu | 123456 |
| 6 | zhouqi | 123456 |
+—-+———-+———-+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO stu VALUES (‘7’, ‘tom’, ‘123456’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> use mydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from stu;
+—-+———-+———-+
| id | username | password |
+—-+———-+———-+
| 1 | koumm | 123456 |
| 2 | zhangsan | 123456 |
| 3 | lisi | 123456 |
| 4 | wangwu | 123456 |
| 5 | zhaoliu | 123456 |
| 6 | zhouqi | 123456 |
| 7 | tom | 123456 |
+—-+———-+———-+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

本文只是配置 mysql 主从的一个过程。还是有很多需要考虑与改进的地址。
(1) 主从库同步用户权限的问题考虑，是直接从主库同步权限呢，还是单独考虑从库的权限。
(2) mysql5.5 有半自动主从同步复制
(3) mysql5.6 有基于 GTID 主从复制

二、快速配置从库方式二

1，主库备份 (全库备份)

mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B –events –master-data=1 > mydb.sql

全库备份记录了数据库备份时的 master-bin.000003′, MASTER_LOG_POS=583 位置，在配置从库时无需要在主库锁表，记录 POS 位置，解锁等配置。

[root@localhost ~]# egrep -v “#|\*|–|^$” mydb.sql |head

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=’master-bin.000003′, MASTER_LOG_POS=583;
USE `mydb`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`password` char(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;

2，从库创建同步的数据库, 并导入数据

mysql -uroot -padmin
create database mydb;
mysql -uroot -padmin mydb < mydb.sql

3，配置主从同步

mysql>
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=’192.168.0.65′,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER=’repl’,
MASTER_PASSWORD=’123456′;

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.65
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 583
Relay_Log_File: testdb-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 747
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 583
Relay_Log_Space: 2536
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: c8bb22a1-024e-11e6-a1e8-000c29225fa0
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql-5.6.29-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)