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说明
xtrabackup –percona
特点:
- 开源,在线备份 innodb 表
- 支持限速备份,避免对业务造成影响
- 支持流备
- 支持增量备份
- 支持备份文件压缩与加密
- 支持并行备份与恢复,速度快
地址:https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup
xtrabackup 备份原理
- 基于 innodb 的 crash-recovery 功能
- 备份期间允许用户读写,写请求产生 redo 日志
- 从磁盘上拷贝数据文件
- 从 innodb redo log file 实时拷贝走备份期间产生的所有 redo 日志
- 恢复的时候 数据文件 +redo 日志 = 一致性数据
实用脚本 innobackupex
- 开源 Perl 脚本,封装调用 xtrabackup 及一系列相关工具与 OS 操作,最终完成备份过程
- 支持备份 Innodb 和其他引擎的表
- 备份一致性保证
安装问题
问题一:innobackupex 发现 mysql 模块没有安装
140312 13:30:40 innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN ‘dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup’ as ‘root’ (using password: YES).
innobackupex: Error: Failed to connect to MySQL server as DBD::mysql module is not installed at /usr/local/mysql/bin/innobackupex line 2956.
因为环境是使用二进制文件安装的 mysql,在 Ubuntu 下没有安装 mysql-server;
解决:安装 mysql-server
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
innobackupex 使用
- 全量备份
- 增量备份
- 流方式备份
- 并行备份
- 限流备份
- 压缩备份
- 常用参数介绍
1)全量备份:
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1643
160820 06:16:30 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:16:30 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26
2)增量备份,需指定上一次备份目录
注意:innobackupex 增量备份仅针对 InnoDB 这类支持事务的引擎,对于 MyISAM 等引擎,则仍然是全备。
增量备份:
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-dir dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-24-08'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:24:13 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:24:13 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-24-08
3)流式备份()
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --stream=xbstream dbbackup/ > dbbackup/stream.bak
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:28:06 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:28:06 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-24-08 stream.bak
4)并行备份 – 使用 4 个线程
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --parallel=4 dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-36-34'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:36:38 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:36:38 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-24-08 2016-08-20_06-36-34 stream.bak
5)限流备份 – 读写速度限制 10M
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --throttle=10 dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-38-26'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:38:31 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:38:31 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-36-34 stream.bak
2016-08-20_06-24-08 2016-08-20_06-38-26
6)压缩备份 – 可以指定压缩备份线程
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --compress --compress-thread 4 dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-40-26'
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:40:30 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:40:30 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
#备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-36-34 2016-08-20_06-40-26
2016-08-20_06-24-08 2016-08-20_06-38-26 stream.bak
7)常用参数
innobackupex --help | less
恢复
1. 全量备份与恢复:
1)全量备份
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_tt |
+--------------+
| course |
| t1 |
+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf dbbackup/
#备份成功;linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26
2)删除表
mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_tt |
+--------------+
| course |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3)通过全量备份恢复
# 只需通过 apply-log 指定备份文件
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --apply-log dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1638934
160820 06:46:20 innobackupex: completed OK!
# 回滚 redo log 文件;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26$ ls
backup-my.cnf mysql xtrabackup_binlog_info
ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints
ib_logfile0 tt xtrabackup_logfile
ib_logfile1 xtrabackup_binary
4)复制恢复文件到数据目录
# 注意:数据目录要求是空,最好先备份,再清空;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --user=root --password=000000 --copy-back 2016-08-20_06-16-26/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Copying '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ib_logfile1' to '/tmp/mysqldata/node1/ib_logfile1'
innobackupex-1.5.1: Finished copying back files.
160820 07:11:09 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
5)查看
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_tt |
+--------------+
| course |
| t1 |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 增量备份与恢复
# 需指定上次备份目录
1)增加表 zengliang;
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_tt |
+--------------+
| course |
| t1 |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table zengliang(a int ,b int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
2)增量备份
# 注意 –incremental-dir 后面跟基础备份目录,之后再跟增量备份目录,
# 与应用增量备份日志相反
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-dir dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ dbbackup/
innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
160820 06:24:13 innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
160820 06:24:13 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
# 备份成功
linuxidc@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
2016-08-20_06-16-26 2016-08-20_06-24-08
3)应用日志恢复数据
–apply-log 回滚日志
–redo-only 回滚合并(多个增量的时候,增量也需要用到,直到最后一个增量不用)
a)恢复完全备份数据
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2016-08-20_06-16-26
b)应用增量备份日志
#注意此时 –incremental-dir 后面跟的是增量备份的目录,之后再跟基础备份的目录;
#与增量备份相反
#注意:由于权限问题,使用 innobackupex, 应该使用 root 账户,不然这条不会通过;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --apply-log --incremental-dir=(增量备份目录)(基础备份目录)
# 不知何原因总是不太容易成功;
4)复制恢复文件到数据目录
# 注意:数据目录要求是空,最好先备份,再清空;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --user=root --password=000000 --copy-back 2016-08-20_06-16-26/
innobackupex-1.5.1: Copying '/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ib_logfile1' to '/tmp/mysqldata/node1/ib_logfile1'
innobackupex-1.5.1: Finished copying back files.
160820 07:11:09 innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
3. 还原压缩
解压 –innobackupex –decompress /dbbackup/(备份目录)
应用日志 –innobackupex –apply-log /dbbackup/(压缩后目录)
4)还原流备
mkdir stream
xbstream -C stream -x < stream.bak
并行恢复 –innobackupex –parallel=4 –apply-log –use-memory=200MB /dbbackup/stream
–use-memory:加快恢复速度;
binlog 恢复
在备份恢复之后,使用 binlog 恢复没有备份的数据;
1)查看备份时 binlog 点;
linuxidc@ubuntu:~/dbbackup/mysql3309$ cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql-bin.000002 1467
2)使用 mysqlbinlog 分析二进制日志
linuxidc@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv mysql-bin.000002 | less
# at 1958
#160820 9:10:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 2078 CRC32 0x683bcdc6 Query thread_id=2 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1471698629/*!*/;
insert into t6 values(111,222),(333,444),(555,666)
/*!*/;
# at 2078
#160820 9:10:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 2109 CRC32 0xf264071a Xid = 104
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 2109
#160820 9:11:51 server id 1 end_log_pos 2184 CRC32 0x3f63ae99 Query thread_id=2 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1471698711/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 2184
#160820 9:11:51 server id 1 end_log_pos 2298 CRC32 0x5c3b7667 Query thread_id=2 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1471698711/*!*/;
insert into t6 values(11,22),(33,44),(55,66)
/*!*/;
# at 2298
#160820 9:11:51 server id 1 end_log_pos 2329 CRC32 0x4ea5c481 Xid = 114
COMMIT/*!*/;
可以看到结束节点在 2298
3)使用 mysqlbinlog+ 管道 +mysql sock 登陆
linuxidc@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv --start-position=1467 --stop-position=2298 mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p --socket=/home/linuxidc/dbbackup/mysql3309/mysql.sock
也可以按照时间恢复:
linuxidc@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv --start-datetime='2016-08-20 9:03:58' --stop-datetime='2016-08-20 9:11:51' mysql-bin.000002 | cat
更多 XtraBackup 相关教程见以下内容:
MySQL 管理之使用 XtraBackup 进行热备 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99671.htm
MySQL 开源备份工具 Xtrabackup 备份部署 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85627.htm
MySQL Xtrabackup 备份和恢复 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/50275.htm
用 XtraBackup 实现 MySQL 的主从复制快速部署【主不锁表】http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/71919p2.htm
安装和使用 Percona 推出的 Xtrabackup 备份 MySQL http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/44451.htm
XtraBackup 的详细介绍:请点这里
XtraBackup 的下载地址:请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134476.htm
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