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Linux 6.5（Oracle 11.2.0.4）单实例 ASM 安装
1、解析主机、配置网络等
/etc/hosts
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off
iptables -F
service iptables save
sed -ri ‘s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/’ /etc/sysconfig/selinux
2、配置 yum
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
touch yum_oel5.repo
vi yum_oel5.repo
添加以下内容：
[oel6]
name=oel6
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
yum clean all
yum repolist
yum list
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1
Pdksh 一定要先装，不然后面会报错的
3、修改系统参数
调整内核参数，并使其生效
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl -p
修改 limits.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle settings
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 1024
修改 /etc/pam.d/login
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
修改 /etc/profile
if [$USER = “oracle”]; then
if [$SHELL = “/bin/ksh”]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
修改 /etc/csh.login
if ($USER == “oracle”) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit deors 65536
endif
4、
– 添加用户和组（非 Oracle Linux 环境配置）
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 505 asmdba
groupadd -g 506 asmoper
useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmadmin,oper oracle
useradd -u 507 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
注意，oper 组不是必须的，dba,asmdba,asmadmin 必须有
– 修改 grid 和 oracle 用户密码
passwd oracle
passwd grid
– 配置环境变量
grid:
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
oracle:
ORACLE_SID=ydasm; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
GRID_HOME=/home/u01/grid/11.2.0; export GRID_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT=”YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS”; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GRID_HOME/bin export PATH
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
主要是配置几个环境变量必须
mkdir -p /home/u01/grid/11.2.0
mkdir -p /home/u01/grid
mkdir -p /home/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/u01
chmod -R 775 /home/u01
5、上传 Oracle 安装介质到 /u01/tmp 目录下
mkdir -p /u01/tmp
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
6、vi /etc/RedHat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)
7、安装 grid 组件
– 利用 udev 绑定磁盘
for Linux 6.x
for i in b c d;
do
echo “KERNEL==”sd*”, BUS==”scsi”, PROGRAM==”/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/\$name”,
RESULT==”/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i”, NAME=”asm-disk$i”, OWNER=”grid”,
GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”0660″”
done
for Linux 5.x
for i in b c d;
do
echo “KERNEL==”sd*”, BUS==”scsi”, PROGRAM==”/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p”, RESULT==”scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sd$i”, NAME=”asm-disk$i”, OWNER=”grid”, GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”0660″”
done
使用的时候要注意在不同版本上脚本的区别，否则获取不到磁盘的 scsi_id
[root@rac1]# /sbin/service ntpd stop
关闭 ntpd：[失败][root@rac1]# chkconfig ntpd off
[root@rac1]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.original
直接使用裸设备的方法：
1. 在 RHEL6 以前的可以直接通过 rawdevices 的管理方法，系统安装后默认已存在 /etc/init.d/rawdevices 和 /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 这两个文件。
1. 在 RHEL6 中，系统里面虽然已经不存在 /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 和 /etc/init.d/rawdevices 文件了，但是依然支持 rawdevices 的方式，可以通过如下方法来管理 raw 文件。
a. 手动创建 /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 和 /etc/init.d/rawdevices 文件，然后依然以 rawdevices 的方式
b. 通过 udev 来管理 raw, 同样也可以通过 udev 固定磁盘对应的设备名
采用新建的方法
vi /etc/init.d/rawdevices
!/bin/bash
rawdevices This shell script assignes rawdevices to block devices
chkconfig: 345 56 44
description: This scripts assignes raw devices to block devices \
(such as hard drive partitions). This is for the use \
of applications such as Oracle. You can set up the \
raw device to block device mapping by editing \
the file /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices.
config: /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
[-f /bin/raw] || exit 0
[-f /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices] || exit 0
Exit if the file just has the default comments.
LC_ALL=C /bin/egrep -q -v “^ #” /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 2>/dev/null || exit 0
. /etc/init.d/functions
function assign_raw()
{
LC_ALL=C egrep -v ‘^ #’ /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices |
while read RAW BLOCK; do
if [-n “$RAW” -a -n “$BLOCK”]; then
rawdirname=${RAW%/*}
if [“$rawdirname” = “/dev” -a -d /dev/raw]; then
echo $” Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:”
echo $” rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ “
echo $” If the command ‘raw’ still refers to /dev/raw as a file.”
echo $” you’ll have to upgrade your util-linux package”
exit 0
fi
if [“$rawdirname” = “/dev/raw” -a -f /dev/raw]; then
echo $” Please correct your /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices:”
echo $” rawdevices are now located in the directory /dev/raw/ “
echo $” If the command ‘raw’ still refers to /dev/raw as a file.”
echo $” you’ll have to upgrade your util-linux package”
exit 0
fi
echo ” $RAW –> $BLOCK”;
raw $RAW $BLOCK
fi
done
}
See how we were called.
case “$1” in
start)
# Assign devices
echo $”Assigning devices: “
assign_raw
添加以下两行 (默认不存在)，即默认情况下生成的裸设备为 root 所有，
所以必须修改属主，否则 oracle 用户无法使用裸设备
sleep 5
chown -R grid:asmadmin /dev/raw/
echo $”done”
;;
stop)
# No action to be taken here
;;
status)
ID=id -u
if [$ID -eq 0]; then
raw -qa
else
echo $”You need to be root to use this command ! “
fi
;;
restart|reload)
$0 start
;;
*)
echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}”
exit 1
esac
exit 0
——————————————————————————–
vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices // 映射将要绑定的裸设备
/dev/raw/raw5 /dev/sdb
/dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sdc
/dev/raw/raw7 /dev/sdd
/dev/raw/raw8 /dev/sde
[root@rac1]# chkconfig rawdevices on
[root@rac1]# service rawdevices start
1.4 绑定裸设备（用于创建 ASM 磁盘组，更详细的内容请参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85973.htm）
[root@ydtest host2]# pwd
/sys/class/scsi_host/host2
[root@ydtest host2]# echo ‘- – -‘ > scan
[root@ydtest host2]#
[root@ydtest host2]# cd ../host0
[root@ydtest host0]# echo ‘- – -‘ > scan
虚拟机加盘后 扫描盘
[root@rac1]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 5 40131 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 6 2172 17406427+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 2173 2237 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 2238 3916 13486567+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2238 2542 2449881 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 2543 2847 2449881 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 2848 3152 2449881 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 3153 3457 2449881 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 3458 3916 3686886 83 Linux
[root@rac1 rules.d]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@rac1 rules.d]# vi 99-oracle.rules
ACTION==”add”,KERNEL==”sdb”,RUN+=”/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N”,OWNER=”grid”, GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”660″
ACTION==”add”,KERNEL==”sdc”,RUN+=”/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N”,OWNER=”grid”, GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”660″
ACTION==”add”,KERNEL==”sdd”,RUN+=”/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N”,OWNER=”grid”, GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”660″
ACTION==”add”,KERNEL==”sde”,RUN+=”/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw8 %N”,OWNER=”grid”, GROUP=”asmadmin”, MODE=”660″
– 重启 udev，使配置生效
/sbin/start_udev
[root@rac1]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw5 /dev/sdb
/dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sdc
/dev/raw/raw7 /dev/sdd
/dev/raw/raw8 /dev/sde
[root@rac1]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/rawdevices
[root@rac1]# chkconfig –add rawdevices
[root@rac1]# chkconfig rawdevices on
[root@rac1]# service rawdevices start
Assigning devices:
/dev/raw/raw5 –> /dev/sdb
/dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 5
/dev/raw/raw6 –> /dev/sdc
/dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 6
/dev/raw/raw7 –> /dev/sdd
/dev/raw/raw7: bound to major 8, minor 7
/dev/raw/raw8 –> /dev/sde
/dev/raw/raw8: bound to major 8, minor 8
done
[root@rac1]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 5
/dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 6
/dev/raw/raw7: bound to major 8, minor 7
/dev/raw/raw8: bound to major 8, minor 8
如果执行脚本的时候停在 Adding daemon to inittab, 这是 11.2.0.1 和 11.2.0.2 在 RHEL6 上的 bug, 可以以 root 身份执行以下命令：
[root@rac1]# dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasdof=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
ydasm 2016/11/22 11:21:57 /home/u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/ydasm/backup_20161122_112157.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
Asmca
Dbca
2.3 安装后的检查、配置
检查是否正确安装：
$ oraenv
ORACLE_SID=+ASM
The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid is /u01/app/oracle
$ echo $ORACLE_SID
+ASM
$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
————————————————————
ora.DATA.dg ora….up.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora….ER.lsnr ora….er.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora.VOTE.dg ora….up.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora.diskmon ora….on.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd ora.evm.type ONLINE ONLINE ydasm
ora.ons ora.ons.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
从 11.2.0.3 以后，在非 Exadata 上，ora.diskmon 的缺省状态为 offline
ora.ons 主要用于中间件和数据库的相连
设置开机自动启动 crs：
[root@rac1]# tail -n 1 /etc/inittab // 安装完成默认会向 inittab 文件添加该记录
h1:35:respawn:/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 > /etc/rc.local <
[root@rac1]#rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/ // 删除 grid 的安装文件
[root@rac1]# for i in {5..8} ;do dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw$i bs=1024 count=10 ;done // 低格裸设备 (清除 ASM 磁盘组信息)
更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12
本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137423.htm
