使用Xtrabackup进行MySQL数据库全备和全备还原

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一、使用 innobackupex 创建全备

语法

innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=DBUSERPASS /path/to/backup/dir/
innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=DBUSERPASS --backup --target-dir=/path/to/BACKUP-DIR/

Option	Description
–backup	默认选项
–port	端口
–socket	socket
–host	主机
–no-timestamp	指定了这个选项备份会直接备份在 BACKUP-DIR，不再创建时间戳文件夹
–target-dir	指定了这个选项备份会直接备份在 BACKUP-DIR，不再创建时间戳文件夹
–defaults-file	指定默认的配置文件，必须为第一个选项

[root@linuxidc backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=root --password=wangshengzhuang /backup/
160904 18:01:55 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

160904 18:01:56  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' as 'root'  (using password: YES).
160904 18:01:56  version_check Connected to MySQL server
160904 18:01:56  version_check Executing a version check against the server...
160904 18:01:56  version_check Done.
160904 18:01:56 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: 0, socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Using server version 5.6.30-log
innobackupex version 2.4.4 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: df58cf2)
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
160904 18:01:56 >> log scanned up to (1626027)
xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 3 for mysql/slave_relay_log_info, old maximum was 0
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/ibdata1
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.ibd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_relay_log_info.ibd
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_master_info.ibd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_master_info.ibd
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:56 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd
160904 18:01:56 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 >> log scanned up to (1626027)
160904 18:01:57 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES...
160904 18:01:57 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...
160904 18:01:57 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
160904 18:01:57 [00] Writing test/db.opt
160904 18:01:57 [00]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/servers.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_keyword.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/servers.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/user.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/event.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proc.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_topic.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/general_log.CSV
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/func.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/user.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_relation.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/plugin.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_relation.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/plugin.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_category.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/event.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/event.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slow_log.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/user.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slow_log.CSV
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/plugin.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/func.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_master_info.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_master_info.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_relation.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/func.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/procs_priv.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proc.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/innodb_index_stats.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/db.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/db.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/columns_priv.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_worker_info.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_worker_info.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_topic.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/servers.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_category.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_category.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/general_log.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/tables_priv.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proc.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/general_log.CSM
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/db.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/help_topic.MYD
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/time_zone.MYI
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/mysql/slow_log.CSM
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/hosts.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/hosts.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_objects.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/setup_objects.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:57 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:57 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/objects_summary_global_by_type.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/objects_summary_global_by_type.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_current.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_current.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/accounts.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/accounts.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 >> log scanned up to (1626027)
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_summary_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/socket_summary_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_lock_waits_summary_by_table.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/table_lock_waits_summary_by_table.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/users.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/users.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_history_long.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_history_long.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/host_cache.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/host_cache.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_digest.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_digest.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_account_connect_attrs.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/session_account_connect_attrs.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_actors.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/setup_actors.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_history_long.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_history_long.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_history.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_history.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_table.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_table.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/threads.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_connect_attrs.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/session_connect_attrs.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/db.opt
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_current.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_current.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_instances.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/socket_instances.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/socket_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_history.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/events_stages_history.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
160904 18:01:58 [01]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
160904 18:01:58 [00] Writing xtrabackup_binlog_info
160904 18:01:58 [00]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '1626027'
xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
.160904 18:01:58 >> log scanned up to (1626027)

160904 18:01:58 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
160904 18:01:58 All tables unlocked
160904 18:01:58 Backup created in directory '/backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000012', position '262'
160904 18:01:58 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
160904 18:01:58 [00]        ...done
160904 18:01:58 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
160904 18:01:58 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1626027) to (1626027) was copied.
160904 18:01:59 completed OK!

最后的 completed OK! 表示成功

二、使用 innobackupex 预备全备

一般情况下，在备份完成后，数据尚且不能用于恢复操作，因为备份的数据中可能会包含尚未提交的事务或已经提交但尚未同步至数据文件中的事务。因此，此时数据文件仍处理不一致状态。“准备”的主要作用正是通过回滚未提交的事务及同步已经提交的事务至数据文件也使得数据文件处于一致性状态。读取备份文件夹中的配置文件，然后 innobackupex 重做已提交事务，回滚未提交事务，之后数据就被写到了备份的数据文件 (innodb 文件) 中，并重建日志文件。这一步隐式调用了 2 次 xtrabackup –prepare。

语法：

innobackupex --apply-log --use-memory=G /path/to/BACKUP-DIR/ 日期文件夹

例子：

[root@linuxidc backup]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/
160904 18:04:24 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.4.4 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: df58cf2)
xtrabackup: cd to /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55
xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(1626027)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: The log sequence number 1626007 in the system tablespace does not match the log sequence number 1626027 in the ib_logfiles!
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1626027 (0%)
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 1626027

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626046
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=1626046
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 1626124
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1626133 (0%)
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1626133 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 1626133
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626152
160904 18:04:27 completed OK!

如果执行正确，其最后输出的几行信息通常如下：completed OK!

在实现“准备”的过程中，innobackupex 通常还可以使用 –use-memory 选项来指定其可以使用的内存的大小，默认通常为 100M。如果有足够的内存可用，可以多划分一些内存给 prepare 的过程，以提高其完成速度。

三、使用 innobackupex 还原备份

innobackupex 命令的 –copy-back 选项用于执行恢复操作，其通过复制所有数据相关的文件至 mysql 服务器 DATADIR 目录中来执行恢复过程。innobackupex 通过 backup-my.cnf 来获取 DATADIR 目录的相关信息。

语法：

innobackupex --copy-back /path/to/BACKUP-DIR
innobackupex --copy-back --datadir= 恢复的数据目录 /path/to/BACKUP-DIR

注：

datadir 必须是为空的，innobackupex –copy-back 不会覆盖已存在的文件
还原时需要先关闭服务，如果服务是启动的，那么就不能还原到 datadir。

例子

[root@linuxidc mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2016-09-04_18-01-55/
160904 18:06:31 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.4.4 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: df58cf2)
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ib_logfile1 to /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ibdata1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibdata1
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/servers.frm
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.ibd to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_relay_log_info.ibd
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_keyword.frm
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/servers.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/event.frm
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:31 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proc.MYI
160904 18:06:31 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_topic.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/general_log.CSV
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_master_info.ibd to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_master_info.ibd
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/func.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_relation.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/plugin.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_relation.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/plugin.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_category.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/event.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/event.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slow_log.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slow_log.CSV
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/plugin.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/func.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_master_info.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_master_info.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_relation.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/func.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/procs_priv.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proc.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/innodb_index_stats.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/db.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/db.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/columns_priv.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_worker_info.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_worker_info.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_topic.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/servers.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_category.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_category.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/general_log.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/tables_priv.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proc.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/general_log.CSM
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/db.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_topic.MYD
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/time_zone.MYI
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /var/lib/mysql/mysql/slow_log.CSM
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/hosts.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/hosts.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_objects.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/setup_objects.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/objects_summary_global_by_type.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/objects_summary_global_by_type.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_current.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_current.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/accounts.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/accounts.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_summary_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/socket_summary_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_lock_waits_summary_by_table.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/table_lock_waits_summary_by_table.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:32 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/users.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/users.frm
160904 18:06:32 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_history_long.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_history_long.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/host_cache.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/host_cache.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_digest.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_digest.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_account_connect_attrs.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/session_account_connect_attrs.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_actors.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/setup_actors.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_history_long.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_history_long.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_history.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_history.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_table.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/table_io_waits_summary_by_table.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/threads.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_connect_attrs.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/session_connect_attrs.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/db.opt
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_current.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_current.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_instances.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/socket_instances.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/socket_summary_by_instance.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/socket_summary_by_instance.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_stages_history.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/events_stages_history.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
160904 18:06:33 [01]        ...done
160904 18:06:33 completed OK!

如果执行正确，其输出信息的最后几行通常如下：completed OK! 请确保如上信息的最行一行出现“innobackupex: completed OK!”。

如果服务器剩余空间不足，你可以使用 –move-back 替换掉 –copy-back。

启动数据库

当数据恢复至 DATADIR 目录以后，还需要确保所有数据文件的属主和属组均为正确的用户，如 mysql，否则，在启动 mysqld 之前还需要事先修改数据文件的属主和属组。如：

chown -R mysql.mysql 新的数据目录

现在可以启动 mysql 了

四、Xtrabackup 备份文件的说明

查看备份的输出，使用 innobakupex 备份时，其会调用 xtrabackup 备份所有的 InnoDB 表，复制所有关于表结构定义的相关文件(.frm)、以及 MyISAM、MERGE、CSV 和 ARCHIVE 表的相关文件，同时还会备份触发器和数据库配置信息相关的文件。这些文件会被保存至一个以时间命令的目录中。

[root@linuxidc backup]# tree -L 2 /backup/
/backup/
└── 2016-09-04_18-01-55
    ├── backup-my.cnf
    ├── ibdata1
    ├── ib_logfile0
    ├── ib_logfile1
    ├── ibtmp1
    ├── mysql
    ├── performance_schema
    ├── test
    ├── xtrabackup_binlog_info
    ├── xtrabackup_checkpoints
    ├── xtrabackup_info
    └── xtrabackup_logfile

4 directories, 9 files

在备份的同时，innobackupex 还会在备份目录中创建如下文件：

(1)xtrabackup_checkpoints

包含备份类型（如完全或增量）、备份状态（如是否已经为 prepared 状态）和 LSN(日志序列号)范围信息；每个 InnoDB 页 (通常为 16k 大小) 都会包含一个日志序列号，即 LSN。LSN 是整个数据库系统的系统版本号，每个页面相关的 LSN 能够表明此页面最近是如何发生改变的。

[root@linuxidc 2016-09-04_18-01-55]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = full-prepared
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1626027
last_lsn = 1626027
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0

(2)xtrabackup_info

mysql 服务器当前正在使用的二进制日志文件及至备份这一刻为止二进制日志事件的位置。

[root@linuxidc 2016-09-04_18-01-55]# cat xtrabackup_info 
uuid = 9e4c2078-7286-11e6-92a6-0800279b6e4d
name = 
tool_name = innobackupex
tool_command = --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=... /backup/
tool_version = 2.4.4
ibbackup_version = 2.4.4
server_version = 5.6.30-log
start_time = 2016-09-04 18:01:56
end_time = 2016-09-04 18:01:58
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000012', position '262'
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1626027
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N
encrypted = N

(3)xtrabackup_binlog_info

二进制日志文件及用于 InnoDB 或 XtraDB 表的二进制日志文件的当前 position。

[root@linuxidc 2016-09-04_18-01-55]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
mysql-bin.000012    262

(4)xtrabackup_logfile

开始以来的二进制日志，用于 prepare 的时候实现一致性

(5)backup-my.cnf

备份命令用到的配置选项信息；

[root@linuxidc 2016-09-04_18-01-55]# cat backup-my.cnf 
# This MySQL options file was generated by innobackupex.

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_log_file_size=50331648
innodb_fast_checksum=false
innodb_page_size=16384
innodb_log_block_size=512
innodb_undo_directory=.
innodb_undo_tablespaces=0
server_id=1

redo_log_version=0