RMAN异构迁移及异构DataGuard

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1、Rman 工具将 Windows 数据库迁移到 Linux 上。

rman 可以实现跨操作系统平台备份恢复，但是必须符合如下标准，且数据库版本要一致。

For Oracle Database 10g Release 2 and above releases:

Solaris x86-64 <-> Linux x86-64

HP-PA <-> HP-IA

Windows IA (64-bit) / Windows (64-bit Itanium) <-> Windows 64-bit for AMD /

For Oracle Database 11g Release 1 and above releases (requires minimum 11.1 compatible setting):

Linux <-> Windows

另外虽然基本备份和恢复过程和同平台 rman 备份恢复无差异，但是因为跨平台不能读取 redo、archivelog 信息，所以需要原端数据库启动到 mount 状态，然后执行 rman 全备。

11g 支持 set newname for database to 可以方便的将全库数据文件进行自动重命名。

run {

set newname for database to ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/%U’;

restore database;

switch datafile all;

}

启动数据库

alter database open resetlogs;

修改 temp 表空间文件路径

SQL>alter database tempfile ‘/oradata/datafiles/ora/temp01.dbf’ drop;
Database altered.
SQL>alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘/oradata/datafiles/ora/temp01.dbf’ reuse; – 需要数据库是 open 或 open read only 状态

修改 redo 存放路径

此时 redo 默认会放到 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录中，参考《Oracle 修改 redo 日志》重新生成新的 redo 到指定位置。

失败测试记录：
记录 1；
尝试使用关库冷备份的方法将 windows 文件直接复制到 linux 中并尝试修改文件名，从而直接拉起数据库，但是 alter database rename file 命令无法执行成功。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

——————————————————————————–

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\SYSTEM02.DBF

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\SYSAUX01.DBF

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\UNDOTBS01.DBF

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\USERS01.DBF

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\EXAMPLE01.DBF

SQL> alter database rename file ‘C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\SYSTEM02.DBF’ to ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/SYSTEM02.DBF’;

alter database rename file ‘C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\SYSTEM02.DBF’ to ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/SYSTEM02.DBF’

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files

ORA-01516: nonexistent log file, data file, or temporary file

“C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\SYSTEM02.DBF”

原因：怀疑是和跨平台文件名无法正常识别有关。
记录 2；
如果不将原库处于 mount 状态，而是直接 open 状态下备份，然后备份归档，当目标端恢复时可以成功 restore database，但是 recover database 时就无法成功，报如下错误。根据 mos 介绍这种跨平台场景下，redo、archivelog 不支持传统的方式进行介质恢复。

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 23-NOV-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log

archived log thread=1 sequence=95

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/backup/a/ARCHIVE0DRLLO42_1_1.BAK

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/tmp/backup/a/ARCHIVE0DRLLO42_1_1.BAK tag=TAG20161123T205634

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

archived log file name=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_95_925028740.dbf thread=1 sequence=95

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/23/2016 21:11:20

RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover logfile ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_95_925028740.dbf’

ORA-10562: Error occurred while applying redo to data block (file# 2, block# 61511)

ORA-10564: tablespace SYSAUX

ORA-01110: data file 2: ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/data_D-ORA_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2’

ORA-10561: block type ‘TRANSACTION MANAGED DATA BLOCK’, data object# 67714

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ktbrcl:CDLC not in CR], [228], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

2、跨平台 Dataguard

每种操作系统平台都有 platform_id，如

SQL> select platform_id, platform_name from v$database;

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME

———– —————————————————–

13 Linux x86 64-bit

如下表中的各种 platform_id 组合可进行 Dataguard 配置，有些组合需要满足特定的条件，虽然跨平台不能将原端的归档直接在新库 recover，但是可以部署特定异构平台的 Dataguard，并实现实时同步。

PLATFORM_ID	PLATFORM_NAME Release name	PLATFORM_IDs supported within the same Data Guard configuration when using Data Guard Redo Apply (Physical Standby)
2	Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit) Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)	2 6 – See Support Note: 1982638.1 and Note: 414043.1
3	HP-UX (64-bit) HP-UX PA-RISC	3 4 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 395982.1 and Note:414043.1
4	HP-UX IA (64-bit) HP-UX Itanium	4 3 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Notes Note: 395982.1 and Note:414043.1
5	HP Tru64 UNIX HP Tru64 UNIX	5
6	IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)	2 – See Support Note: 1982638.1 and Note: 414043.1 6
7	Microsoft Windows (32-bit) Microsoft Windows (x86)	7 8, 12 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1 10 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881 –> Fix for 13104881 Included in 12.1 11, 13 – Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1, also requires Patch 13104881
8	Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit) Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)	7 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1 8 12 – Oracle 10g onward 11, 13 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881
9	IBM zSeries Based Linux z/Linux	9 18 (64-bit zSeries only)
10	Linux (32-bit) Linux x86	7 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881 10 11, 13 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1
11	Linux IA (64-bit) Linux Itanium	10 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1 11 13 – Oracle 10g onward 7 – Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1, also requires Patch 13104881 8, 12 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881
12	Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD Microsoft Windows (x86-64)	7 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note Note: 414043.1 8 – Oracle 10g onward 12 11, 13 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881
13	Linux 64-bit for AMD Linux x86-64	7 – Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1, also requires Patch 13104881 10 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note Note: 414043.1 11 – Oracle 10g onward 8, 12 – Oracle 11g onward, requires Patch 13104881 13 20 – Oracle 11g onward
15	HP Open VMS HP OpenVMS Alpha HP IA OpenVMS OpenVMS Itanium	15
16	Apple Mac OS Mac OS X Server	16
17	Solaris Operating System (x86) Solaris Operating System (x86)	17 20 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1
18	IBM Power Based Linux Linux on Power	9 (64-bit zSeries only) 18
20	Solaris Operating System (AMD64) Solaris Operating System (x86-64)	13 – Oracle 11g onward 17 – Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note: 414043.1 20

配置过程和普通 Dataguard 无差别，需要注意的是经过测试，需要将备机的 *_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 两个参数设置上，且 rman 恢复的时候直接 recover 而不要通过 set newname 的形式去指定新文件的路径，在使用 rman 进行初始化同步的时候会自动按照转换参数修改 redo 和 temp 文件的路径，否则会导致恢复后 temp 和 redo 仍然使用原 windows 路径格式，且无法手动修改。

注意事项：

SQL> alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\’,’/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/’ scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORA\’,’/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora/’ scope=spfile;

System altered.

特别要特别以上转换参数中，windows 路径的最后一个字符应该是 \，linux 的最后一样应该是 /，否则转换后的数据文件就会是

/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ora\EXAMPLE01.DBF

关于 rman 恢复的总结：

rman restore database 还原时，无论新环境的控制文件是 for standby 的还是普通的控制文件，生成的数据文件的路径并不受OMF影响．

但如果 restore 出来的控制文件是 for standby 的那 restore database 的时候如果不指定 set netname 会按照 *_file_name_convert 参数的转换值来生成数据文件、temp 文件、redo 文件等。

但如果 restore 出来的控制文件是普通的控制文件，那 restore database 的时候如果不指定 set netname，也不会按照 *_file_name_convert 参数的转换值来生成数据文件、temp 文件、redo 文件。如果是 windows 环境，会生成到 $ORALCE_HOME/dbs 目录下，文件名如：C:APPADMINISTRATORORADATAORAEXAMPLE01.DBF。

如果是 linux 则会生成到原路径下，如果路径不存在这直接报错，中断还原。

当创建好了 Dataguard 后，如果主端添加数据文件，则备端处理情况如下：

当备机设置了 db_file_name_convert 参数，并同时启动了 OMF 功能是，OMF 的优先级要高于 db_file_name_convert 参数，备机 OMF 启动的情况下会忽略 db_file_name_convert 参数。

参考文档：

Data Guard Support for Heterogeneous Primary and Physical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration (文档 ID 413484.1)

RMAN DUPLICATE/RESTORE/RECOVER Mixed Platform Support (文档 ID 1079563.1)

Restore From Windows To Linux using RMAN Fails (文档 ID 2003327.1)

Dataguard DB/LOG FILE NAME CONVERT has been set but files are created in a different directory (文档 ID 1348512.1)

更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

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