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环境：OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5 RAC
如果你正在用 OEL（Oracle Enterprise Linux）系统部署 Oracle，那么可以使用 yum 安装 oracle-validated 包来简化主机配置的部分工作。
配置好 yum 本地源后，直接执行一条命令
yum install oracle-validated
检查发现它会自动做以下几件事：
1）安装 oracle 依赖包
2）/etc/sysctl.conf 增加 oracle 用户内容
3）/etc/security/limits.conf 增加 oracle 用户内容
4）创建 Oracle 用户和相关组
这极大的简化了系统主机配置阶段我们要做的工作内容。
当然我们需要根据实际情况最好要确认 /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/security/limits.conf 内容合理性。
1. 安装 oracle 依赖包
yum install oracle-validated
| [root@oradb28 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated | |
| Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security | |
| This system is not registered with ULN. | |
| ULN support will be disabled. | |
| Setting up Install Process | |
| Resolving Dependencies | |
| --> Running transaction check | |
| ---> Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5 set to be updated | |
| ISO/filelists | 3.1 MB 00:00 | |
| --> Processing Dependency: gdb for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34-c++ for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-RedHat-linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbc.so.1 for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34 for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6 for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: libdb-4.2.so()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: libodbc.so.1()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated | |
| --> Running transaction check | |
| ---> Package compat-db.x86_64 0:4.2.52-5.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated | |
| --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64 = 0.137-3.el5 for package: elfutils-libelf-devel | |
| ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.0.1-37.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-65 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek set to be updated | |
| ---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated | |
| ---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated | |
| --> Running transaction check | |
| ---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated | |
| --> Finished Dependency Resolution | |
| Dependencies Resolved | |
| =================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | |
| Package Arch Version Repository Size | |
| =================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | |
| Installing: | |
| oracle-validated x86_64 1.1.0-14.el5 ISO 24 k | |
| Installing for dependencies: | |
| compat-db x86_64 4.2.52-5.1 ISO 1.6 M | |
| compat-gcc-34 x86_64 3.4.6-4.1 ISO 4.3 M | |
| compat-gcc-34-c++ x86_64 3.4.6-4.1 ISO 13 M | |
| elfutils-libelf-devel x86_64 0.137-3.el5 ISO 24 k | |
| elfutils-libelf-devel-static x86_64 0.137-3.el5 ISO 64 k | |
| gcc x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 5.3 M | |
| gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 3.8 M | |
| gdb x86_64 7.0.1-37.el5 ISO 2.4 M | |
| glibc-devel i386 2.5-65 ISO 2.0 M | |
| glibc-devel x86_64 2.5-65 ISO 2.4 M | |
| glibc-headers x86_64 2.5-65 ISO 594 k | |
| kernel-uek-headers x86_64 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek ISO 724 k | |
| libXp i386 1.0.0-8.1.el5 ISO 22 k | |
| libaio-devel i386 0.3.106-5 ISO 12 k | |
| libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.106-5 ISO 11 k | |
| libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 2.8 M | |
| sysstat x86_64 7.0.2-11.el5 ISO 187 k | |
| unixODBC i386 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 830 k | |
| unixODBC x86_64 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 835 k | |
| unixODBC-devel i386 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 743 k | |
| unixODBC-devel x86_64 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 799 k | |
| Transaction Summary | |
| =================================================================================================================================================================================================================== | |
| Install 22 Package(s) | |
| Upgrade 0 Package(s) | |
| Total download size: 42 M | |
| ... 这里省略后面安装的输出提示，按提示输入 y 直接安装即可。 |
2. /etc/sysctl.conf 增加 oracle 用户内容
cat /etc/sysctl.conf 确认如下是自动增加的内容：
| # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for fs.file-max is 6815744 | |
| # For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p | |
| # fs.file-max = 327679 | |
| fs.file-max = 6815744 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878 | |
| kernel.msgmni = 2878 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmax is 8192 | |
| kernel.msgmax = 8192 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536 | |
| kernel.msgmnb = 65536 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142' | |
| kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096 | |
| kernel.shmmni = 4096 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 | |
| kernel.shmall = 1073741824 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1 | |
| kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1 | |
| kernel.sysrq = 1 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144 | |
| net.core.rmem_default = 262144 | |
| # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304 | |
| # For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p | |
| # net.core.rmem_max = 2097152 | |
| net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144 | |
| net.core.wmem_default = 262144 | |
| # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576 | |
| # For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p | |
| # net.core.wmem_max = 262144 | |
| net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728 | |
| fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728 | |
| # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500 | |
| # For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p | |
| # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 | |
| net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killer | |
| vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200 |
可以看到每条内核参数都有清晰明了的注释，我这里是安装 10g RAC，那么就按照注释说明，将那些 For 10g 的参数启用即可。
3. /etc/security/limits.conf 增加 oracle 用户内容
cat /etc/security/limits.conf 确认如下是自动增加的内容：
| # Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072 | |
| oracle soft nofile 131072 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072 | |
| oracle hard nofile 131072 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072 | |
| oracle soft nproc 131072 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072 | |
| oracle hard nproc 131072 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimited | |
| oracle soft core unlimited | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimited | |
| oracle hard core unlimited | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000 | |
| oracle soft memlock 50000000 | |
| # Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000 | |
| oracle hard memlock 50000000 |
由于我接下来要安装 Oracle10g RAC，只用到一个 oracle 用户，所以这里不需要修改，如果你装的是 11g RAC，则需要手工添加 grid 用户的资源使用限制条目。
4. 创建 Oracle 用户和相关组
查看已经创建了 oracle 用户，组 oinstall 和 dba
| [root@oradb28 cdrom]# id oracle | |
| uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh |
安装 RAC 需要确定各节点 oracle 用户和组的 uid，gid 保持一致，由于它自动生成的 uid 和 gid 的对应数字很大，所以一般都一致。
这样一来，在 OEL 系统上安装 Oracle 前的主机配置系列工作将得到简化，我们不必再去过多的考虑需要哪些依赖包和内核参数设置的问题了。
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