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安装环境
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/CentOS-release
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
0x01 准备工作
1、到 mysql 官网下载 mysql-community-5.7.11-1.el7.src.rpm 源码包
rpm -ih mysql-community-5.7.11-1.el7.src.rpm 会在用户目录下生成一个 rpmbuild，从 SOURCES 文件夹内可以获得源码 mysql-5.7.11.tar.gz，解压进入源码目录准备安装
2、因为 mysql 需要使用 cmake 编译，直接从 yum 从光盘的源中找到 cmake
[root@localhost ~]# yum info cmake
名称：cmake
架构：x86_64
版本：2.8.11
发布：4.el7
大小：6.7 M
3、准备开发环境 yum groupinstall Additional Development，yum groupinstall Development tools 之前的版本是 Development tools 和 Development Libraries 两个软件包组，我这里没有安装，因为只需要 gcc 和 gcc-c++
0x02 mysql 编译选项
部分常用编译选项
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql [MySQL 安装的根目录]
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/mysql/data [MySQL 数据库文件存放目录]
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc [MySQL 配置文件所在目录]
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql [MySQL 用户名]
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [MySQL 的数据库引擎]
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [MySQL 的数据库引擎]
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [MySQL 的数据库引擎]
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [MySQL 的数据库引擎]
-DWITH_READLINE=1 [MySQL 的 readline library, 批量导入数据]
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock [MySQL 的通讯目录]
-DWITH-LIBWRAP=0 [是否支持 libwrap]
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 [编译时允许自主下载相关文件]
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 [设置默认字符集为 utf8]
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci [设置默认排序字符集规则]
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-configuration-options.html 官方文档编译选项说明
0x03 安装过程（gcc / boost_1_59_0 / CURSES_LIBRARY）
[root@localhost ~]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mymnt/sqldata -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH-LIBWRAP=0 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
— Running cmake version 2.8.11
— Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
— Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
— The C compiler identification is unknown
— The CXX compiler identification is unknown
CMake Error: your C compiler: “CMAKE_C_COMPILER-NOTFOUND” was not found. Please set CMAKE_C_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.
CMake Error: your CXX compiler: “CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND” was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.
CMake Error at cmake/os/Linux.cmake:41 (MESSAGE):
Unsupported compiler!
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:162 (INCLUDE)
这是没有安装 gcc 和 gcc-c++
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.11]# yum install gcc gcc-c++
再 cmake 一次
— MySQL 5.7.11
— Packaging as: mysql-5.7.11-Linux-x86_64
— Looked for boost/version.hpp in and
— BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR-NOTFOUND
— LOCAL_BOOST_DIR
— LOCAL_BOOST_ZIP
— Could not find (the correct version of) boost.
— MySQL currently requires boost_1_59_0
CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 (MESSAGE):
You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>
This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>. If it is not there,
it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you.
If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy:
export http_proxy=http://example.com:80
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/boost.cmake:238 (COULD_NOT_FIND_BOOST)
CMakeLists.txt:443 (INCLUDE)
— Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
这个就已经说明了 You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>，Boost 库是一个经过千锤百炼、可移植、提供源代码的 C ++ 库, 作为标准库的后备, 是 C ++ 标准化进程的发动机之一。
先从 boost 官网下载这个库 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
解压后把目录添加到 -DWITH_BOOST 编译选项中
继续编译报错如下
— Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:64 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,
remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on RedHat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:107 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:181 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_EDITLINE)
CMakeLists.txt:471 (MYSQL_CHECK_EDITLINE)
这个错误是说明缺少 Curses 库yum install ncurses-devel，需要注意的是每次编译错误都要移除 CMakeCache.txt，最后出现 Build files have been written 即成功
CMake Warning:
Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:
DOWNLOAD_BOOST
WITH-LIBWRAP
WITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE
WITH_READLINE
— Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.11
使用 make 大约两个小时的样子编译完成，到百分之五十几的时候停留的时间比较长。
make install
出现一堆安装信息即完成安装
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./cmake_install.cmake
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./CTestTestfile.cmake
— Up-to-date: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/mtr
— Up-to-date: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/mysql-test-run
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process
— Up-to-date: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/magic
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.11]#
0x04 安装后目录创建
socket=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mymnt/sqldata
socket=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
pid-file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.pid
如配置文件关于目录相关的部分，我们需要创建 /var/run/mysql , /mymnt/sqldata , /var/log
创建 mysql 用户和组，将数据目录 /mymnt/sqldata 和安装目录 /var/run/mysql 的属主（组）更改成 mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/run/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/log/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /mymnt/sqldata/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
0x05 初始化
1、mysql-5.7 版本的 my.cnf 文件在 support-files/ 下并没有模板文件，自行添加配置文件
2、将安装目录下 support-files/mysql.server 启动脚本复制到 /etc/init.d/mysqld，以便实现开机启动。也可以[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start 临时启动
未启动时执行 mysql 命令会报错如下：
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock’ (2)
3、添加环境变量以便使用初始化命令 export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
4、初始化
mysqld –initialize-insecure –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/mymnt/sqldata
0x06 其他
1、mysqld_safe
mysqld 和 mysqld_safe 都可以启动 mysql。直接运行 mysqld 程序来启动 MySQL 服务的方法很少见，mysqld_safe 脚本会在启动 MySQL 服务器后继续监控其运行情况，并在其死机时重新启动它。
我们可以发现这是一个 shell 脚本，在 Unix 和 NetWare 中推荐使用 mysqld_safe 来启动 mysqld 服务器。mysqld_safe 增加了一些安全特性，例如当出现错误时重启服务器并向错误日志文件写入运行时间信息。
[root@localhost mysql]# file bin/mysqld
bin/mysqld: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=0x772828c9d330090391cd89dbe699f041a378944d, not stripped
[root@localhost mysql]# file bin/mysqld_safe
bin/mysqld_safe: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
2、mysql_secure_installation
MySQL 安全配置向导，运行 mysql_secure_installation 会执行几个设置：
a)为 root 用户��置密码
b) 删除匿名账号
c) 取消 root 用户远程登录
d) 删除 test 库和对 test 库的访问权限
e) 刷新授权表使修改生效
通过这几项的设置能够提高 mysql 库的安全。建议生产环境中 mysql 安装这完成后一定要运行一次 mysql_secure_installation
3、为了方便其他程序调用（如 php），将 MySQL 数据库的动态链接库目录添加至系统链接库，echo “/usr/local/mysql/lib” > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
0x07 附：my.cnf 示例
百度到一个 mysql 配置文件样例：
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/mysql/data
port=3306
server-id = 1
socket=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
pid-file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.pid
general_log = 1
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 28M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4MCentOS 7.2 安装 MySQL 5.7.13 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141300.htm
MySQL 数据库操作教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/141092.htm
深入理解 MySQL 的四种隔离级别 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140848.htm
CentOS 7.2 下 RPM 方式安装 MySQL5.6 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140795.htm
CentOS7 下 MySQL5.7 安装与配置（YUM）http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140423.htm
CentOS7 下 MySQL5.7.13 源码编译安装与配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140424.htm
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142004.htm
