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1、实验环境准备:
A、mysql 主服务器 名称:abao68 IP 地址:192.168.1.68 数据库版本为:mysql5.1.72
[root@CentOS67-68 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for RedHat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@centos67-68 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos67-68 2.6.32-642.15.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 24 14:31:22 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
B、mysql 从服务器 名称:abao67 IP 地址:192.168.1.67 数据库版本为:mysql5.5.32
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@abao67 ~]# uname -a
Linux abao67 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2、试验数据准备:
2.1、在主服务器 abao68 创建数据库名称为 abaotest 数据库,并导入测试数据。
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database abaotest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| abaotest |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2、把测试数据导入刚才我们新建的 abaotest 数据库:
方法一:
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql -uroot -p abaotest < book_utf8.sql
Enter password:
方法二:
mysql> user abaotest;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'user abaotest' at line 1
mysql> use abaotest
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> source /root/book_utf8.sql
查看刚导入的数据表情况:
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_abaotest |
+--------------------+
| books |
| category |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from category;
+---------+---------------+
| bTypeId | bTypeName |
+---------+---------------+
| 1 | windows 应用 |
| 2 | 网站 |
| 3 | 3D 动画 |
| 4 | linux 学习 |
| 5 | Delphi 学习 |
| 6 | 黑客 |
| 7 | 网络技术 |
| 8 | 安全 |
| 9 | 平面 |
| 10 | AutoCAD 技术 |
+---------+---------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
知识扩展:在 centos6.7 下使用 yum 安装数据库之后需要改变 MySQL 数据库的默认编码
查看数据库默认编码
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 2
Current database: abaotest
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime: 6 min 33 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 61 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 22 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 9 Queries per second avg: 0.155
安装 MySQL 数据库时的默认编码是 latin1,实际使用时可能要使用其他编码。下文描述如何将默认编码改为 utf8:首先修改 MySQL 的配置文件 /etc/my.cnf:在 [client] 下追加:default-character-set=utf8
在 [mysqld] 下追加:character-set-server=utf8
在 [mysql] 下追加:default-character-set=utf8
修改完毕后,使用如下命令之一重启 mysql 服务:service mysql restart
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
改变后,之前手工创建的数据库如未显式指定编码,则其编码仍是默认的 latin1,可使用如下命令更改编码:mysql> alter database db_name CHARACTER SET utf8;
2.3、停止主服务器 并 配置
[root@centos67-68 ~]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld:[确定]
修改 my.cnf 文件并在 [mysqld] 选项中加入以下内容:
[root@centos67-68 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
character-set-server=utf8
symbolic-links=0
#--------- 以下是在原配置文件中添加的内容 ---------
#启用二进制日志,默认存在 /var/lib/mysql 下面
log-bin=mysqllog
#本机数据库 ID 标示。其中 master_id 必须为 1 到 232 之间的一个正整数值
server-id=1
#可以被从��务器复制的库。二进制需要同步的数据库名 abaotest
binlog-do-db=abaotest
#不可以被从服务器复制的库 mysql
# binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#--------- 以上是在原配置文件中添加的内容 ---------
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2.4、重启服务
[root@centos67-68 ~]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld:[确定]
正在启动 mysqld:[确定]
2.5、授权从服务器 abao67 可以使用账号 slave 连接到主服务器 abao68
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.1.67 identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.6、查看服务器状态信息和二进制日志
[root@centos67-68 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/
abaotest ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysqllog.000001 mysqllog.index mysql.sock test
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysqllog.000001 | 256 | abaotest | |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binlog events \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Log_name: mysqllog.000001
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 106
Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Log_name: mysqllog.000001
Pos: 106
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 256
Info: grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.1.67 identified by "123456"
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意:这里记住 File 的值: mysqllog.000001和 Position 的值:256,后面会用到。
2.7、为了保证主从数据库的一致性,可以使用如下方法:
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql
Enter password:
mysqldump: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) when trying to connect
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql
Enter password:
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
[root@centos67-68 ~]# ls
all.sql anaconda-ks.cfg book_utf8.sql install.log install.log.syslog
[root@centos67-68 ~]# rm -rf all.sql
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql
Enter password:
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
[root@centos67-68 ~]# scp all.sql 192.168.1.67:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.67 (192.168.1.67)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is c8:62:61:31:24:fa:77:44:da:be:26:d8:85:80:95:3a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yest^H
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.67' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.67's password:
all.sql 100% 521KB 521.3KB/s 00:00
3、配置从服务器 abao67
3.1、测试是否可以正常连接到主服务器
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u slave -h192.168.1.68 -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
测试可以正常连接,但是没有发现 abaotest 数据库。
3.2、导入数据库,使其与主服务器一致:
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u root -p12345 < all.sql
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| abaotest |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use abaotest
Database changed
mysql> select * from category;
+---------+---------------+
| bTypeId | bTypeName |
+---------+---------------+
| 1 | windows 应用 |
| 2 | 网站 |
| 3 | 3D 动画 |
| 4 | linux 学习 |
| 5 | Delphi 学习 |
| 6 | 黑客 |
| 7 | 网络技术 |
| 8 | 安全 |
| 9 | 平面 |
| 10 | AutoCAD 技术 |
+---------+---------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3、修改从服务器 abao67 配置文件:
配置 MySQL 从服务器的 my.cnf 文件
vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分添加下面内容
server-id=2 #配置文件中已经有一行 server-id=1,修改其值为 2,表示为从数据库
log-bin=mysql-bin #启动 MySQ 二进制日志系统,注意:如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行,就不用再添加了。
replicate-do-db=osyunweidb #需要同步的数据库名,如果有多个数据库,可重复此参数,每个数据库一行
replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不同步 mysql 系统数据库
:wq! #保存退出
注意:MySQL 5.1.7 版本之后,已经不支持把 master 配置属性写入 my.cnf 配置文件中了,只需要把同步的数据库和要忽略的数据库写入即可。
3.4、保存并重启从服务器:
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.68',master_user='slave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysqllog.000001',master_log_pos=256;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.68
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysqllog.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 256
Relay_Log_File: abao67-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqllog.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: abaotest
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 256
Relay_Log_Space: 408
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意查看:
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
以上这两个参数的值为 Yes,即说明配置成功!
4、测试
1、进入 MySQL 主服务器 abao68
#进入主服务器 MySQL 控制台
mysql -u root -p
#进入数据库
mysql> use abaotest
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
#创建 test 表
mysql> CREATE TABLE test (id int not null primary key,name char(20) );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
2、进入 MySQL 从服务 abao67
#进入 MySQL 控制台
mysql -u root -p
#进入数据库
mysql> use abaotest
#查看 abaotest 表结构,会看到有一个新建的表 test,表示数据库同步成功
mysql> use abaotest
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_abaotest |
+--------------------+
| books |
| category |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
您若能看到如上内容,证明您成功啦!
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