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详解Oracle中NLS_LANG变量的使用

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1,关于 NLS_LANG 参数

Oracle provides Globalization Support that enables users to interact with a database in their own language, as defined by the NLS_LANG parameter. When you install Oracle Database Client components, Oracle Universal Installer sets the NLS_LANG parameter in the registry.

The locale setting of your operating system determines the value of the NLS_LANG parameter at installation. Table C-1 lists the operating system locale and NLS_LANG value mappings.

The NLS_LANG parameter is stored in the registry under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID\NLS_LANG subkey, where ID is the unique number identifying the Oracle home.

The NLS_LANG parameter uses the following format:

NLS_LANG = LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTER_SET
Oracle 提供全球化的支持,通过定义 NLS_LANG 参数能够让用户用他们自己的语言使用数据库。当安装 Oracle 数据库客户端的时候,安装程序通常会在注册表中设置 NLS_LANG 参数。

在安装中,操作系统的区域设置会决定 NLS_LANG 参数的值。表 C - 1 列出了操作系统区域和 NLS_LANG 的对照表。

NLS_LANG 参数被存储在注册表中的 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID\NLS_LANG 子项下,其中 ID 是识别 Oracle home 的唯一数字。
NLS_LANG 参数使用如下的格式:
NLS_LANG = LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTER_SET

where:

Parameter Description
LANGUAGE Specifies the language and conventions for displaying messages, day name, and month name.
TERRITORY Specifies the territory and conventions for calculating week and day numbers.
CHARACTER_SET Controls the character set used for displaying messages.

2 NSL_LANG 常用的值

Table C-1 lists commonly used NLS_LANG values for various operating system locales:

Table C-1 NLS_LANG Parameter Values

Operating System Locale NLS_LANG Value
Arabic (U.A.E.) ARABIC_UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.AR8MSWIN1256
Bulgarian BULGARIAN_BULGARIA.CL8MSWIN1251
Catalan CATALAN_CATALONIA.WE8MSWIN1252
Chinese (PRC) SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
Chinese (Taiwan) TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN.ZHT16MSWIN950
Croatian CROATIAN_CROATIA.EE8MSWIN1250
Czech CZECH_CZECH REPUBLIC.EE8MSWIN1250
Danish DANISH_DENMARK.WE8MSWIN1252
Dutch (Netherlands) DUTCH_THE NETHERLANDS.WE8MSWIN1252
English (United Kingdom) ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8MSWIN1252
English (United States) AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
Estonian ESTONIAN_ESTONIA.BLT8MSWIN1257
Finnish FINNISH_FINLAND.WE8MSWIN1252
French (Canada) CANADIAN FRENCH_CANADA.WE8MSWIN1252
French (France) FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8MSWIN1252
German (Germany) GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8MSWIN1252
Greek GREEK_GREECE.EL8MSWIN1253
Hebrew HEBREW_ISRAEL.IW8MSWIN1255
Hungarian HUNGARIAN_HUNGARY.EE8MSWIN1250
Icelandic ICELANDIC_ICELAND.WE8MSWIN1252
Indonesian INDONESIAN_INDONESIA.WE8MSWIN1252
Italian (Italy) ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8MSWIN1252
Japanese JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16SJIS
Korean KOREAN_KOREA.KO16MSWIN949
Latvian LATVIAN_LATVIA.BLT8MSWIN1257
Lithuanian LITHUANIAN_LITHUANIA.BLT8MSWIN1257
Norwegian NORWEGIAN_NORWAY.WE8MSWIN1252
Polish POLISH_POLAND.EE8MSWIN1250
Portuguese (Brazil) BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8MSWIN1252
Portuguese (Portugal) PORTUGUESE_PORTUGAL.WE8MSWIN1252
Romanian ROMANIAN_ROMANIA.EE8MSWIN1250
Russian RUSSIAN_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251
Slovak SLOVAK_SLOVAKIA.EE8MSWIN1250
Spanish (Spain) SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8MSWIN1252
Swedish SWEDISH_SWEDEN.WE8MSWIN1252
Thai THAI_THAILAND.TH8TISASCII
Spanish (Mexico) MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.WE8MSWIN1252
Spanish (Venezuela) LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH_VENEZUELA.WE8MSWIN1252
Turkish TURKISH_TURKEY.TR8MSWIN1254
Ukrainian UKRAINIAN_UKRAINE.CL8MSWIN1251
Vietnamese VIETNAMESE_VIETNAM.VN8MSWIN1258

3 在 MS-DOS 模式和 Batch 模式中设置 NLS_LANG

Before you can use Oracle utilities such as SQL*Plus, SQL Loader, Import, and Export in MS-DOS mode, make sure that you have set the character set field of the NLS_LANG parameter for the session to the correct value.

This is required because MS-DOS mode uses, with a few exceptions, a different character set (or code-page) from Windows (ANSI code-page), and the default Oracle home NLS_LANG parameter in the registry is always set to the appropriate Windows code-page. If you do not set the NLS_LANG parameter for the MS-DOS mode session correctly, incorrect character conversion can corrupt error messages and data.

For Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese, the MS-DOS code-page is identical to the ANSI code-page. In this case, you do not need to set the NLS_LANG parameter in MS-DOS mode.

Similarly, in batch mode, set the correct character set value of NLS_LANG by inserting a SET NLS_LANG command at the start of the batch procedure, according to the character set of the files to be processed in the procedure.

在你使用 Oracle 应用之前,比如在 MS-DOS 模式中使用 SQL*Plus,SQL Loader,Import, 和 Export,确保你已经在本次会话中正确的设置了字符集属性和 NLS_LANG 参数属性。

这是必须的,因为 MS-DOS 模式的使用会带有一些的来着 Windows(ANSI code-page) 的不同字符集设置的异常,在注册表中默认的 Oracle home NLS_LANG 参数总是会被设置成适合 Windows code-page 的值。

如果你在 MS-DOS 模式中不正确的设置 NLS_LANG 参数的值,那么错误的字符转换将会损坏信息和数据。

对于日文,韩文,简体中文和繁体中文,MS—DOS code-page 和 ANSI code-page 的值一样。在这种情况下,你不需要在 MS-DOS 模式中设置 NLS_LANG 参数的值。

同样的,在 Batch 模式中, 根据程序运行过程中被处理的文件字符 ,通过插入 SET LANG_LANG 命令设置正确的 NLS_LANG 值。

Table C-2 lists the Oracle character sets that correspond to the MS-DOS mode for various operating system locales:

Table C-2 Oracle Character Sets for Operating System Locales

Operating System Locale Character Set
Catalan WE8PC850
Chinese (PRC) ZHS16GBK
Chinese (Taiwan) ZHT16MSWIN950
Czech EE8PC852
Danish WE8PC850
Dutch WE8PC850
English (United Kingdom) WE8PC850
English (United States) US8PC437
Finnish WE8PC850
French WE8PC850
German WE8PC850
Greek EL8PC737
Hungarian EE8PC852
Italian WE8PC850
Japanese JA16SJIS
Korean KO16MSWIN949
Norwegian WE8PC850
Polish EE8PC852
Portuguese WE8PC850
Romanian EE8PC852
Russian RU8PC866
Slovak EE8PC852
Slovenian EE8PC852
Spanish WE8PC850
Swedish WE8PC850
Turkish TR8PC857
Catalan WE8PC850

4,注册表中 NLS_LANG 和系统环境变量中的 NLS_LANG

当用户安装好 Oracle 客户端后会在注册表中出现 NLS_LANG 的注册信息,在操作系统的环境变量中用户也可以设置自己的 NLS_LANG 的值。

但是需要注意:

注册表中的 NLS_LANG 是用于对应 Oracle 数据库与 windows 的 code-page 值的,这个值是在安装的过程中自动添加的,一般不要去修改,如果修改后 NLS_LANG 的值与 code-page 的值不对应的话,会出现不同字符的异常。

系统环境变脸中 NLS_LANG 是用于对应 Oracle 数据显示的,这个值在安装完成后可能会有,也可能没有,是可以修改的,如果希望以中文显示则修改为 NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK,也可以是英文的 NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8,建议在使用 Oracle 数据库之间将这里的 NLS_LANG 设置为英文显示。

5,参考文章

C  Oracle Database Client Globalization Support

更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

本文永久更新链接地址 :http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/144002.htm

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