CentOS 6.7 下RPM方式安装MySQL 5.6

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1. 下载 Linux 对应的 RPM 包，如：CentOS6.7_64 对应的 RPM 包，如下：

[root@mysql ~]# ll
总用量 113808
-rw——-. 1 root root 1434 12 月 13 18:47 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 42556 12 月 13 18:47 install.log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 10033 12 月 13 18:45 install.log.syslog
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 23135399 12 月 13 18:56 MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 4586217 12 月 13 18:56 MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 88715219 12 月 13 18:56 MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

2. 检查 MySQL 及相关 RPM 包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 –nodeps

3. 安装 MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist – using root
warning: group mysql does not exist – using root
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]

4. 初始化 MySQL 及设置密码
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db — mysql_install_db 脚本来生成帐户和相应权限许可表
WARNING: The host ‘mysql’ could not be looked up with /usr/bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
。。省略输出。。
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
–defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret – 查看 root 账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Dec 13 18:59:06 2016 (local time): 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: –（此处复制粘贴 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.2
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
说明：出现 mysql> 表示一切顺利成功。
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘123456’); – 设置密码为 123456

5. 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+———–+——+——————————————-+
| host | user | password |
+———–+——+——————————————-+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| mysql | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| ::1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
+———–+——+——————————————-+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password(‘123456′) where user=’root’;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> update user set host=’%’ where user=’root’ and host=’localhost’;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit

6. 设置开机自启动
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig –list | grep mysql
mysql 0: 关闭 1: 关闭 2: 启用 3: 启用 4: 启用 5: 启用 6: 关闭

7. MySQL 的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本

8. 更改 MySQL 目录与字符集
[root@mysql01 /]# cd /
[root@mysql01 /]# mkdir data #建立 data 目录
[root@mysql01 /]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL…. [OK]
[root@mysql01 /]# mv /var/lib/mysql /data #把 /var/lib/mysql 整个目录移到 /home/data
[root@mysql01 /]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

如果 /etc/ 目录下没有 my.cnf 配置文件，请到 /usr/share/mysql/ 下找到 *.cnf 文件，拷贝其中一个到 /etc/ 并改名为 my.cnf 中
[root@mysql ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf – 修改配置文件位置
配置 /etc/my.cnf 文件, 修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock 路径以及默认编码 utf-8.
[root@mysql01 /]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql/
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock