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MySQL5.7 Group Replication (MGR) 集群搭建

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MySQL Group Replication(组复制)

1 介绍

MySQL Group Replication（简称 MGR）是 MySQL 官方于 2016 年 12 月推出的一个全新的高可用与高扩展的解决方案。MySQL 组复制提供了高可用、高扩展、高可靠的 MySQL 集群服务。

  • 高一致性，基于原生复制及 paxos 协议的组复制技术，并以插件的方式提供，提供一致数据安全保证；

  • 高容错性，只要不是大多数节点坏掉就可以继续工作，有自动检测机制，当不同节点产生资源争用冲突时，不会出现错误，按照先到者优先原则进行处理，并且内置了自动化脑裂防护机制；

  • 高扩展性，节点的新增和移除都是自动的，新节点加入后，会自动从其他节点上同步状态，直到新节点和其他节点保持一致，如果某节点被移除了，其他节点自动更新组信息，自动维护新的组信息；

  • 高灵活性，有单主模式和多主模式，单主模式下，会自动选主，所有更新操作都在主上进行；多主模式下，所有 server 都可以同时处理更新操作。

MGR 是 MySQL 数据库未来发展的一个重要方向。

2 环境准备

2.1 数据库服务器规划

序号 IP 地址 主机名 数据库 数据库端口号 数据库 Server ID 备注
1 192.168.56.181 apollo.mgr.com mysql-5.7 3306 181 操作系统 CentOS7
2 192.168.56.182 artemis.mgr.com mysql-5.7 3306 182 操作系统 CentOS7
3 192.168.56.183 uranus.mgr.com mysql-5.7 3306 183 操作系统 CentOS7

2.2 安装 mysql5.7.17

安装 mysql 请参照 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144554.htm，在这里就不详细介绍。

MySQL 5.7.17 Group Relication（组复制）搭建手册  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142378.htm

2.3 设置 hostname 和 ip 映射

在三台数据库服务器上都设置：
MySQL5.7 Group Replication (MGR) 集群搭建

[mgradmin@apollo mysql-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]$ vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.56.181 apollo.mgr.com
192.168.56.182 artemis.mgr.com
192.168.56.183 uranus.mgr.com

3. 创建复制环境

3.1 服务器 apollo.mgr.com

3.1.1 配置 /etc/my.cnf

[mgradmin@apollo mysql-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]$ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# Group Replication
server_id = 181
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
binlog_checksum = NONE
log_slave_updates = ON
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format= ROW

transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name = 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856'
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off
loose-group_replication_local_address = 'apollo.mgr.com:33061'
loose-group_replication_group_seeds ='apollo.mgr.com:33061,artemis.mgr.com:33062,uranus.mgr.com:33063'
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = off

3.1.2 服务器 apollo.mgr.com 上建立复制账号：

mysql> set SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
mysql> create user repl@'%' identified by 'Love88me=-.,';
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> set SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
mysql> change master to master_user='repl',master_password='Love88me=-.,' for channel 'group_replication_recovery'; -- 构建 group replication 集群

3.1.3 在 mysql 服务器 apollo.mgr.com 上安装 group replication 插件 

-- 安装插件 
mysql> install PLUGIN group_replication SONAME 'group_replication.so';
-- 查看 group replication 组件 
mysql> show plugins;
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+
| Name                       | Status   | Type               | Library              | License |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+
| binlog                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| mysql_native_password      | ACTIVE   | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| sha256_password            | ACTIVE   | AUTHENTICATION     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| CSV                        | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| MEMORY                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| InnoDB                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_TRX                 | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_LOCKS               | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS          | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP                 | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET           | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMPMEM              | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET        | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX       | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE         | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU     | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS   | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO     | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_METRICS             | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED          | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED    | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG           | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE      | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE      | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLES          | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS      | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES         | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS         | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS          | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN         | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS    | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES     | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES       | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL         | ACTIVE   | INFORMATION SCHEMA | NULL                 | GPL     |
| MyISAM                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| MRG_MYISAM                 | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA         | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| ARCHIVE                    | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| BLACKHOLE                  | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| FEDERATED                  | DISABLED | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| partition                  | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL                 | GPL     |
| ngram                      | ACTIVE   | FTPARSER           | NULL                 | GPL     |
| validate_password          | ACTIVE   | VALIDATE PASSWORD  | validate_password.so | GPL     |
| group_replication          | ACTIVE   | GROUP REPLICATION  | group_replication.so | GPL     |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------+

3.1.4 启动服务器 apollo.mgr.com 上 mysql 的 group replication

-- 设置 group_replication_bootstrap_group 为 ON 是为了标示以后加入集群的服务器以这台服务器为基准，以后加入的就不需要设置。
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON; 
-- 作为首个节点启动 mgr 集群 
mysql> start group_replication;
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;

3.1.5 查看 mgr 的状态 

-- 查询表 performance_schema.replication_group_members
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST    | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | ecf48652-1c72-11e7-a7c1-08002785d027 | apollo.mgr.com |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+

3.1.6 测试服务器 apollo.mgr.com 上的 mysql

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 text not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values (1, 'Luis');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 | Luis |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events;
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name      | Pos | Event_type     | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                                              |
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000001 |   4 | Format_desc    |       181 |         123 | Server ver: 5.7.17-log, Binlog ver: 4                             |
| binlog.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids |       181 |         150 |                                                                   |
| binlog.000001 | 150 | Gtid           |       181 |         211 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856:1' |
| binlog.000001 | 211 | Query          |       181 |         270 | BEGIN                                                             |
| binlog.000001 | 270 | View_change    |       181 |         369 | view_id=14916679781649312:1                                       |
| binlog.000001 | 369 | Query          |       181 |         434 | COMMIT                                                            |
| binlog.000001 | 434 | Gtid           |       181 |         495 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856:2' |
| binlog.000001 | 495 | Query          |       181 |         585 | create database test                                              |
| binlog.000001 | 585 | Gtid           |       181 |         646 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856:3' |
| binlog.000001 | 646 | Query          |       181 |         769 | use `test`; create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 text not null) |
| binlog.000001 | 769 | Gtid           |       181 |         830 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856:4' |
| binlog.000001 | 830 | Query          |       181 |         898 | BEGIN                                                             |
| binlog.000001 | 898 | Table_map      |       181 |         941 | table_id: 219 (test.t1)                                           |
| binlog.000001 | 941 | Write_rows     |       181 |         983 | table_id: 219 flags: STMT_END_F                                   |
| binlog.000001 | 983 | Xid            |       181 |        1010 | COMMIT /* xid=40 */                                               |
+---------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.2 复制组添加新实例 artemis.mgr.com

3.2.1 修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，方法和之前相同 

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# Group Replication
server_id = 182
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
binlog_checksum = NONE
log_slave_updates = ON
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format= ROW

transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name = 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856'
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off
loose-group_replication_local_address = 'artemis.mgr.com:33062'
loose-group_replication_group_seeds ='apollo.mgr.com:33061,artemis.mgr.com:33062,uranus.mgr.com:33063'
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = off

3.2.2 用户凭证 

mysql> set SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user repl@'%' identified by 'Love88me=-.,';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_user='repl',master_password='Love88me=-.,' for channel 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

-- 安装 group replication 插件 
mysql> install PLUGIN group_replication SONAME 'group_replication.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.2.3 把实例添回到之前的复制组 

mysql> set global group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start group_replication;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (6.65 sec)

3.2.4 在 apollo.mgr.com 上查看复制组状态 

mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST     | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | ecf48652-1c72-11e7-a7c1-08002785d027 | apollo.mgr.com  |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | f0a20978-1c72-11e7-a17b-0800272ce349 | artemis.mgr.com |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+

3.2.5 在新回的实例上查看数据库发现 test 库和 t1 表已经同步 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1             |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 | Luis |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 以同样方法添加 uranus.mgr.com

详细步骤请参考 3.2, 这里只给出配置文件 /etc/my.cnf：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# Group Replication
server_id = 183
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
binlog_checksum = NONE
log_slave_updates = ON
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format= ROW

transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name = 'ce9be252-2b71-11e6-b8f4-00212844f856'
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off
loose-group_replication_local_address = 'uranus.mgr.com:33063'
loose-group_replication_group_seeds ='apollo.mgr.com:33061,artemis.mgr.com:33062,uranus.mgr.com:33063'
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = off

3.4 查看复制组状态 

mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST     | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | ecf48652-1c72-11e7-a7c1-08002785d027 | apollo.mgr.com  |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | f0a20978-1c72-11e7-a17b-0800272ce349 | artemis.mgr.com |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | f2ca816c-1c72-11e7-a1aa-080027eaa4e1 | uranus.mgr.com  |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+--------------+

本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144776.htm

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Ansible 是一个模型驱动的配置管理器，支持多节点发布、远程任务执行。默认使用 SSH 进行远程连接。无需...
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