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XtraBackup 介绍
XtraBackup 是 Percona 公司的开源项目，用以实现类似 Innodb 官方的热备份工具 InnoDB Hot Backup 的功能，它支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写)。到目前为止，最新的版本为 Percona XtraBackup 2.4.7.
XtraBackup 有很多功能和优点：例如支持全备、增量备份、部分备份；支持压缩备份；备份不影响数据读写、事务等，但是也有缺陷不足：例如不支持脱机备份、不支持直接备份到磁带设备、不支持 Cloud Back，MyISAM 的备份也会阻塞。不过这些小瑕疵不影响 XtraBackup 成为一款流行的 MySQL 备份工具。另外，请注意 XtraBackup 只支持 Linux 平台，不支持 Windows 平台。
下面是 XtraBackup 的官方文档的介绍资料：
Percona XtraBackup is the world’s only open-source, free MySQL hot backup software that performs non-blocking
backups for InnoDB and XtraDB databases. With Percona XtraBackup, you can achieve the following benefits:
• Backups that complete quickly and reliably
• Uninterrupted transaction processing during backups
• Savings on disk space and network bandwidth
• Automatic backup verification
• Higher uptime due to faster restore time
Percona XtraBackup makes MySQL hot backups for all versions of Percona Server, MySQL, and MariaDB. It performs
streaming, compressed, and incremental MySQL backups.
Percona XtraBackup works with MySQL, MariaDB, and Percona Server. It supports completely non-blocking backups
of InnoDB, XtraDB, and HailDB storage engines. In addition, it can back up the following storage engines by briefly
pausing writes at the end of the backup: MyISAM, Merge, and Archive, including partitioned tables, triggers, and
database options.
Percona XtraBackup的特征：
|
Features |
Percona XtraBackup |
|
License |
GPL |
|
Pirce |
Free |
|
Streaming and encryption formats |
Open source |
|
Supported MySQL flavors |
MySQL, Percona Server, MariaDB, Percona XtraDB Cluster, MariaDB Supported |
|
Supported operating systems |
Linux |
|
Non-blocking InnoDB backups |
Yes |
|
Blocking MyISAM backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups |
Yes |
|
Full compressed backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental compressed backups |
Yes |
|
Fast incremental backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups with archived logs feature in Percona Server |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups with REDO log only |
|
|
Backup locks |
Yes |
|
Encrypted backups |
Yes |
|
Streaming backups |
Yes |
|
Parallel local backups |
Yes |
|
Parallel compression |
Yes |
|
Parallel encryption |
Yes |
|
Parallel apply-log |
Yes |
|
Parallel copy-back |
|
|
Partial backups |
Yes |
|
Partial backups of individual partitions |
Yes |
|
Throttling |
Yes |
|
Backup image validation |
|
|
Point-in-time recovery support |
Yes |
|
Safe slave backups |
Yes |
|
Compact backups |
Yes |
|
Buffer pool state backups |
Yes |
|
Individual tables export |
Yes |
|
Individual partitions export |
Yes |
|
Restoring tables to a different server |
Yes |
|
Data & index file statistics |
Yes |
|
InnoDB secondary indexes defragmentation |
Yes |
|
rsync support to minimize lock time |
Yes |
|
Improved FTWRL handlin |
Yes |
|
Backup history table |
|
|
Backup progress table |
|
|
Backup to tape media managers |
|
|
Cloud backups support |
|
|
External graphical user interfaces to backup/recovery Zmanda Recovery |
Zmanda Recovery Manager for MySQL |
XtraBackup 下载
XtraBackup 可以从官方链接 https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/ 下载你需要的稳定版本。到目前为止，XtraBackup 最新的版本为 Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.7。这个链接也提供 Percona XtraBackup Documentation 相关文档下载。下载的时候，注意版本与平台信息。
Percona XtraBackup 的源码放在 Github 上，地址为https://github.com/percona/percona-xtrabackup.git
Percona XtraBackup 的文档地址：
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/index.html
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.3/index.html
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.4/index.html
XtraBackup 安装
Percona XtraBackup 的安装方式总体来说有下面三种，我们下面简单的介绍一下。然后都具体都练练手。
Installing Percona XtraBackup from Repositories (recommended)
Installing Percona XtraBackup from Downloaded rpm or apt Packages
Compiling and Installing from Source Code
1：Installing Percona XtraBackup from Repositories
Installing Percona XtraBackup on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS
下面我测试的环境为 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)，安装 Percona XtraBackup 2.4 为例：
步骤 1：Install the Percona repository
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ sudo yum install https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/RedHat/latest/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm[sudo] password for test:/usr/local/bin/aad-login failed: exit code 1Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpackspercona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmExamining /var/tmp/yum-root-02R3Gm/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmMarking /var/tmp/yum-root-02R3Gm/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-release.noarch 0:0.1-4 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing:percona-release noarch 0.1-4 /percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 5.8 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal size: 5.8 kInstalled size: 5.8 kIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:Running transactionRunning transactionTransaction test succeededRunning transactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 1/1 Verifying : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 1/1Installed: percona-release.noarch 0:0.1-4 Complete!RHEL/Centos 5 不支持从远程位置直接安装软件包，因此您需要首先下载软件包，然后用 rpm 手动安装
$ wget http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/\percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm$ rpm -ivh percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm
安装完成后，你就能在 /etc/yum.repos.d 下看到一个 percona-release.repo 文件。
步骤 2：测试 Repository, 确保 Percona XtraBackup 相关包已经在 Repository 中。
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ yum list | grep percona-xtrabackuppercona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 @percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-22.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-22-debuginfo.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test-22.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test-24.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64步骤 3：安装 Percona XtraBackup 包。
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ yum install percona-xtrabackup-24[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum install percona-xtrabackup-24Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.7-2.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBD::mysql) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::MD5) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libev.so.4()(64bit) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction---> Package libev.x86_64 0:4.15-6.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) >= 1.00 for package: perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction---> Package perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing:percona-xtrabackup-24 x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64 7.4 MInstalling for dependencies:libev x86_64 4.15-6.el7 extras 44 kperl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 base 140 kperl-Digest noarch 1.17-245.el7 base 23 kperl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.52-3.el7 base 30 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 7.6 MInstalled size: 31 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:(1/5): libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 44 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/percona-release-x86_64/packages/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm:Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY============= - ] 1.1 MB/s | 6.0 MB 00:00:01 ETAPublic key for percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed(5/5): percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.4 MB 00:00:04 ------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.9 MB/s | 7.6 MB 00:00:04 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PerconaImporting GPG key 0xCD2EFD2A:Userid : "Percona MySQL Development Team <mysql-dev@percona.com>"Fingerprint: 430b df5c 56e7 c94e 848e e60c 1c4c bdcd cd2e fd2aPackage : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch (@/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch)From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PerconaIs this ok [y/N]: yRunning transactionRunning transactionTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 3/5 Installing : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64 4/5 Installing : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64 5/5Installed: percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.7-2.el7 Dependency Installed:
libev.x86_64 0:4.15-6.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 Complete!Installing Percona XtraBackup from Percona apt repository
下面我测试的环境为 Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS，安装 Percona XtraBackup 2.4 为例：
1：从 Percona 官方网址获取 repository packages:
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-4.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
–2017-02-28 11:57:52– https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb
Resolving repo.percona.com (repo.percona.com)… 74.121.199.234
Connecting to repo.percona.com (repo.percona.com)|74.121.199.234|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: 6394 (6.2K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb’
percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb 100%[==================>] 6.24K –.-KB/s in 0s
2017-02-28 11:57:53 (157 MB/s) – ‘percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb’ saved [6394/6394]
2：用 dpkg 安装下载的 package 包文件
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-4.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
Selecting previously unselected package percona-release.
(Reading database … 76835 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb …
Unpacking percona-release (0.1-4.xenial) …
Setting up percona-release (0.1-4.xenial) …
mylnx02@azrlnx02:~$
3：update the local cache
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Hit:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial InRelease [15.9 kB]
Get:7 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main Sources [5,387 B]
Get:8 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main amd64 Packages [19.1 kB]
Fetched 347 kB in 1s (212 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
N: Ignoring file ’50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist’ in directory ‘/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/’ as it has an invalid filename extension
mylnx02@azrlnx02:~$
4：安装 Percona XtraBackup 包 percona-xtrabackup-24
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following additional packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libev4 libmysqlclient20Suggested packages: libclone-perl libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl libsql-statement-perlThe following NEW packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libev4 libmysqlclient200 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 72 not upgraded.Need to get 6,063 kB/7,699 kB of archives.After this operation, 39.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] yGet:1 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libev4 amd64 1:4.22-1 [26.3 kB]Get:2 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main amd64 percona-xtrabackup-24 amd64 2.4.6-1.xenial [6,037 kB]Fetched 6,063 kB in 3s (1,909 kB/s) N: Ignoring file '50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extensionSelecting previously unselected package libdbi-perl.(Reading database ... 76841 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../libdbi-perl_1.634-1build1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libdbi-perl (1.634-1build1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libmysqlclient20:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libmysqlclient20_5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libdbd-mysql-perl.Preparing to unpack .../libdbd-mysql-perl_4.033-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libdbd-mysql-perl (4.033-1ubuntu0.1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libev4.Preparing to unpack .../libev4_1%3a4.22-1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...Selecting previously unselected package percona-xtrabackup-24.Preparing to unpack .../percona-xtrabackup-24_2.4.6-1.xenial_amd64.deb ...Unpacking percona-xtrabackup-24 (2.4.6-1.xenial) ...Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) ...Setting up libdbi-perl (1.634-1build1) ...Setting up libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...Setting up libdbd-mysql-perl (4.033-1ubuntu0.1) ...Setting up libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...Setting up percona-xtrabackup-24 (2.4.6-1.xenial) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) ...N: Ignoring file '50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extensionmylnx02@mylnx02:~$ innobackupex -vinnobackupex version 2.4.6 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 54967d1)2：Installing Percona XtraBackup from Downloaded rpm or apt Packages
1：使用 yum localinstall package 从本机目录安装软件包
[root@mylnx13 ~]#wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.4/\> binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm[root@mylnx13 ~]#yum localinstall percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm2：原始的 rpm 安装方式
这里测试环境，下载的是 Percona-XtraBackup-2.2.12-r8726828-el5-x86_64-bundle.tar 安装包。在安装之前最好安装一些其他额外组件，例如 perl-DBD-MySQL 等。否则你会遇到一些杂七杂八的问题。例如
perl(DBD::mysql) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64
[root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID cd2efd2a
error: Failed dependencies:
perl(DBD::mysql) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64
[root@DB-Server ~]# yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr \ bison libtool ncurses5-devel[root@DB-Server ~]# yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
[root@MySQLDB005 tmp]# tar -xf Percona-XtraBackup-2.2.12-r8726828-el5-x86_64-bundle.tar[root@MySQLDB005 tmp]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpmwarning: percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID cd2efd2aPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:percona-xtrabackup ########################################### [100%][root@MySQLDB005 tmp]#
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145638p2.htm
3：Compiling and Installing from Source Code
Percona Xtrabackup 的源码位于 github 上，URL 链接为 https://github.com/percona/percona-xtrabackup 你可以下载，也可以使用 git 命令下载源码。源码安装的具体过程如下所示：
1：如果没有安装 git，则需先安装 git 包
[root@mylnx005 ~]# sudo yum install git
2：使用 git clone 获取相关源码
# git clone https://github.com/percona/percona-xtrabackup.git
# cd percona-xtrabackup/
# git checkout 2.4
3：安装相关依赖包
# yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf \
bison libtool ncurses-devel libgcrypt-devel libev-devel libcurl-devel \
vim-common
# cmake -DBUILD_CONFIG=xtrabackup_release -DWITH_MAN_PAGES=OFF && make –j4
如上所示，在使用 cmake 编译时，遇到了错误，可以用如下方法解决。
# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
# cd /usr/local/boost
# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
# rm boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
继续编译，增加参数（红色部分）
#cmake -DBUILD_CONFIG=xtrabackup_release \
-DWITH_MAN_PAGES=OFF \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
&& make -j4
# make install
# /usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/innobackupex –version
innobackupex version 2.4.7 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 5b42862)
XtraBackup 卸载
Xtrabackup 的卸载相对来说比较简单，这里从简的介绍一下。
1：apt packages 安装方式的卸载
root@mylnx02:~# sudo apt-get remove percona-xtrabackup-24
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libev4 libmysqlclient20
Use ‘sudo apt autoremove’ to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
percona-xtrabackup-24
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 75 not upgraded.
After this operation, 32.1 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database … 77053 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing percona-xtrabackup-24 (2.4.6-1.xenial) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
N: Ignoring file ’50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist’ in directory ‘/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/’ as it has an invalid filename extension
2：YUM 安装方式的卸载
[root@mylnx13 ~]#yum list | grep percona
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository CentOSplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration
percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 2.2.12-1.el6 installed
percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64 2.2.12-1.el6 installed
[root@mylnx13 ~]#
[root@mylnx13 ~]#yum remove percona-xtrabackupLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Setting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.2.12-1.el6 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Removing:percona-xtrabackup x86_64 2.2.12-1.el6 installed 18 MTransaction Summary================================================================================Remove 1 Package(s)Installed size: 18 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning TransactionTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionRepository base is listed more than once in the configurationRepository updates is listed more than once in the configurationRepository extras is listed more than once in the configurationRepository centosplus is listed more than once in the configurationRepository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration Erasing : percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64 1/1Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Verifying : percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64 1/1Removed: percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.2.12-1.el6 Complete![root@mylnx13 ~]#[root@mylnx13 ~]#yum remove percona-xtrabackupLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Setting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64 0:2.2.12-1.el6 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Removing:percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo x86_64 2.2.12-1.el6 installed 96 MTransaction Summary================================================================================Remove 1 Package(s)Installed size: 96 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning TransactionTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionRepository base is listed more than once in the configurationRepository updates is listed more than once in the configurationRepository extras is listed more than once in the configurationRepository centosplus is listed more than once in the configurationRepository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration Erasing : percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64 1/1Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Verifying : percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64 1/1Removed: percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64 0:2.2.12-1.el6 Complete!操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum list installed | grep perconapercona-release.noarch 0.1-4 @/percona-release-0.1-4.noarchpercona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 @percona-release-x86_64[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum remove percona-xtrabackupLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksNo Match for argument: percona-xtrabackupNo Packages marked for removal[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum remove percona-xtrabackup[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum list installed | grep perconapercona-release.noarch 0.1-4 @/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#3：rpm 安装方式的卸载
[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -qa | grep percona
percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.5-1.el7.x86_64
[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -ev percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.5-1.el7.x86_64
4：Source Code 安装方式的卸载
[root@mylnx005 ~]# ls -lrt /usr/local/xtrabackup/total 8drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 2 03:04 bindrwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 4096 Jun 2 03:06 xtrabackup-test[root@mylnx005 ~]# whereis xtrabackupxtrabackup: /usr/local/xtrabackup[root@mylnx005 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/xtrabackup/[root@mylnx005 ~]# whereis xtrabackupPercona XtraBackup 的安装、卸载、以及介绍篇就写到这，如果需要了解更多细节，建议参考官方文档，例如 Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.6.pdf，后续将展开介绍 XtraBackup 备份还原篇、原理分析篇。
更多 XtraBackup 相关教程见以下内容：
MySQL 管理之使用 XtraBackup 进行热备 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99671.htm
使用 Xtrabackup 进行 MySQL 备份 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137734.htm
MySQL 开源备份工具 Xtrabackup 备份部署 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85627.htm
MySQL Xtrabackup 备份和恢复 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/50275.htm
Percona Xtrabackup 安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137735.htm
使用 XtraBackup 备份 MySQL 数据库 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138688.htm
使用 Xtrabackup 进行 MySQL 数据库全备和全备还原 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137736.htm
XtraBackup 备份原理和实战详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142477.htm
Percona XtraBackup 实现全备 & 增量备份与恢复 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142380.htm
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145638.htm
XtraBackup 介绍
XtraBackup 是 Percona 公司的开源项目，用以实现类似 Innodb 官方的热备份工具 InnoDB Hot Backup 的功能，它支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写)。到目前为止，最新的版本为 Percona XtraBackup 2.4.7.
XtraBackup 有很多功能和优点：例如支持全备、增量备份、部分备份；支持压缩备份；备份不影响数据读写、事务等，但是也有缺陷不足：例如不支持脱机备份、不支持直接备份到磁带设备、不支持 Cloud Back，MyISAM 的备份也会阻塞。不过这些小瑕疵不影响 XtraBackup 成为一款流行的 MySQL 备份工具。另外，请注意 XtraBackup 只支持 Linux 平台，不支持 Windows 平台。
下面是 XtraBackup 的官方文档的介绍资料：
Percona XtraBackup is the world’s only open-source, free MySQL hot backup software that performs non-blocking
backups for InnoDB and XtraDB databases. With Percona XtraBackup, you can achieve the following benefits:
• Backups that complete quickly and reliably
• Uninterrupted transaction processing during backups
• Savings on disk space and network bandwidth
• Automatic backup verification
• Higher uptime due to faster restore time
Percona XtraBackup makes MySQL hot backups for all versions of Percona Server, MySQL, and MariaDB. It performs
streaming, compressed, and incremental MySQL backups.
Percona XtraBackup works with MySQL, MariaDB, and Percona Server. It supports completely non-blocking backups
of InnoDB, XtraDB, and HailDB storage engines. In addition, it can back up the following storage engines by briefly
pausing writes at the end of the backup: MyISAM, Merge, and Archive, including partitioned tables, triggers, and
database options.
Percona XtraBackup的特征：
|
Features |
Percona XtraBackup |
|
License |
GPL |
|
Pirce |
Free |
|
Streaming and encryption formats |
Open source |
|
Supported MySQL flavors |
MySQL, Percona Server, MariaDB, Percona XtraDB Cluster, MariaDB Supported |
|
Supported operating systems |
Linux |
|
Non-blocking InnoDB backups |
Yes |
|
Blocking MyISAM backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups |
Yes |
|
Full compressed backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental compressed backups |
Yes |
|
Fast incremental backups |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups with archived logs feature in Percona Server |
Yes |
|
Incremental backups with REDO log only |
|
|
Backup locks |
Yes |
|
Encrypted backups |
Yes |
|
Streaming backups |
Yes |
|
Parallel local backups |
Yes |
|
Parallel compression |
Yes |
|
Parallel encryption |
Yes |
|
Parallel apply-log |
Yes |
|
Parallel copy-back |
|
|
Partial backups |
Yes |
|
Partial backups of individual partitions |
Yes |
|
Throttling |
Yes |
|
Backup image validation |
|
|
Point-in-time recovery support |
Yes |
|
Safe slave backups |
Yes |
|
Compact backups |
Yes |
|
Buffer pool state backups |
Yes |
|
Individual tables export |
Yes |
|
Individual partitions export |
Yes |
|
Restoring tables to a different server |
Yes |
|
Data & index file statistics |
Yes |
|
InnoDB secondary indexes defragmentation |
Yes |
|
rsync support to minimize lock time |
Yes |
|
Improved FTWRL handlin |
Yes |
|
Backup history table |
|
|
Backup progress table |
|
|
Backup to tape media managers |
|
|
Cloud backups support |
|
|
External graphical user interfaces to backup/recovery Zmanda Recovery |
Zmanda Recovery Manager for MySQL |
XtraBackup 下载
XtraBackup 可以从官方链接 https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/ 下载你需要的稳定版本。到目前为止，XtraBackup 最新的版本为 Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.7。这个链接也提供 Percona XtraBackup Documentation 相关文档下载。下载的时候，注意版本与平台信息。
Percona XtraBackup 的源码放在 Github 上，地址为https://github.com/percona/percona-xtrabackup.git
Percona XtraBackup 的文档地址：
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/index.html
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.3/index.html
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.4/index.html
XtraBackup 安装
Percona XtraBackup 的安装方式总体来说有下面三种，我们下面简单的介绍一下。然后都具体都练练手。
Installing Percona XtraBackup from Repositories (recommended)
Installing Percona XtraBackup from Downloaded rpm or apt Packages
Compiling and Installing from Source Code
1：Installing Percona XtraBackup from Repositories
Installing Percona XtraBackup on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS
下面我测试的环境为 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)，安装 Percona XtraBackup 2.4 为例：
步骤 1：Install the Percona repository
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ sudo yum install https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/RedHat/latest/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm[sudo] password for test:/usr/local/bin/aad-login failed: exit code 1Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpackspercona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmExamining /var/tmp/yum-root-02R3Gm/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmMarking /var/tmp/yum-root-02R3Gm/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpmResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-release.noarch 0:0.1-4 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing:percona-release noarch 0.1-4 /percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 5.8 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal size: 5.8 kInstalled size: 5.8 kIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:Running transactionRunning transactionTransaction test succeededRunning transactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 1/1 Verifying : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch 1/1Installed: percona-release.noarch 0:0.1-4 Complete!RHEL/Centos 5 不支持从远程位置直接安装软件包，因此您需要首先下载软件包，然后用 rpm 手动安装
$ wget http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/\percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm$ rpm -ivh percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm
安装完成后，你就能在 /etc/yum.repos.d 下看到一个 percona-release.repo 文件。
步骤 2：测试 Repository, 确保 Percona XtraBackup 相关包已经在 Repository 中。
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ yum list | grep percona-xtrabackuppercona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 @percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-22.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-22-debuginfo.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test.x86_64 2.3.8-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test-22.x86_64 2.2.13-1.el7 percona-release-x86_64percona-xtrabackup-test-24.x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64步骤 3：安装 Percona XtraBackup 包。
[test@mylnx06 ~]$ yum install percona-xtrabackup-24[root@GETAZDEVLNX005 ~]#yum install percona-xtrabackup-24Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction---> Package percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.7-2.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBD::mysql) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::MD5) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libev.so.4()(64bit) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction---> Package libev.x86_64 0:4.15-6.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) >= 1.00 for package: perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction---> Package perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing:percona-xtrabackup-24 x86_64 2.4.7-2.el7 percona-release-x86_64 7.4 MInstalling for dependencies:libev x86_64 4.15-6.el7 extras 44 kperl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 base 140 kperl-Digest noarch 1.17-245.el7 base 23 kperl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.52-3.el7 base 30 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 7.6 MInstalled size: 31 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:(1/5): libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 44 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/percona-release-x86_64/packages/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm:Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY============= - ] 1.1 MB/s | 6.0 MB 00:00:01 ETAPublic key for percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed(5/5): percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.4 MB 00:00:04 ------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.9 MB/s | 7.6 MB 00:00:04 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PerconaImporting GPG key 0xCD2EFD2A:Userid : "Percona MySQL Development Team <mysql-dev@percona.com>"Fingerprint: 430b df5c 56e7 c94e 848e e60c 1c4c bdcd cd2e fd2aPackage : percona-release-0.1-4.noarch (@/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch)From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PerconaIs this ok [y/N]: yRunning transactionRunning transactionTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 3/5 Installing : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64 4/5 Installing : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : libev-4.15-6.el7.x86_64 5/5Installed: percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.7-2.el7 Dependency Installed:
libev.x86_64 0:4.15-6.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 Complete!Installing Percona XtraBackup from Percona apt repository
下面我测试的环境为 Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS，安装 Percona XtraBackup 2.4 为例：
1：从 Percona 官方网址获取 repository packages:
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-4.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
–2017-02-28 11:57:52– https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb
Resolving repo.percona.com (repo.percona.com)… 74.121.199.234
Connecting to repo.percona.com (repo.percona.com)|74.121.199.234|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: 6394 (6.2K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb’
percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb 100%[==================>] 6.24K –.-KB/s in 0s
2017-02-28 11:57:53 (157 MB/s) – ‘percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb’ saved [6394/6394]
2：用 dpkg 安装下载的 package 包文件
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-4.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
Selecting previously unselected package percona-release.
(Reading database … 76835 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack percona-release_0.1-4.xenial_all.deb …
Unpacking percona-release (0.1-4.xenial) …
Setting up percona-release (0.1-4.xenial) …
mylnx02@azrlnx02:~$
3：update the local cache
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:3 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Hit:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial InRelease [15.9 kB]
Get:7 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main Sources [5,387 B]
Get:8 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main amd64 Packages [19.1 kB]
Fetched 347 kB in 1s (212 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
N: Ignoring file ’50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist’ in directory ‘/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/’ as it has an invalid filename extension
mylnx02@azrlnx02:~$
4：安装 Percona XtraBackup 包 percona-xtrabackup-24
mylnx02@mylnx02:~$ sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following additional packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libev4 libmysqlclient20Suggested packages: libclone-perl libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl libsql-statement-perlThe following NEW packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libev4 libmysqlclient200 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 72 not upgraded.Need to get 6,063 kB/7,699 kB of archives.After this operation, 39.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] yGet:1 http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libev4 amd64 1:4.22-1 [26.3 kB]Get:2 http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial/main amd64 percona-xtrabackup-24 amd64 2.4.6-1.xenial [6,037 kB]Fetched 6,063 kB in 3s (1,909 kB/s) N: Ignoring file '50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extensionSelecting previously unselected package libdbi-perl.(Reading database ... 76841 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../libdbi-perl_1.634-1build1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libdbi-perl (1.634-1build1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libmysqlclient20:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libmysqlclient20_5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libdbd-mysql-perl.Preparing to unpack .../libdbd-mysql-perl_4.033-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libdbd-mysql-perl (4.033-1ubuntu0.1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libev4.Preparing to unpack .../libev4_1%3a4.22-1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...Selecting previously unselected package percona-xtrabackup-24.Preparing to unpack .../percona-xtrabackup-24_2.4.6-1.xenial_amd64.deb ...Unpacking percona-xtrabackup-24 (2.4.6-1.xenial) ...Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) ...Setting up libdbi-perl (1.634-1build1) ...Setting up libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...Setting up libdbd-mysql-perl (4.033-1ubuntu0.1) ...Setting up libev4 (1:4.22-1) ...Setting up percona-xtrabackup-24 (2.4.6-1.xenial) ...Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu5) ...N: Ignoring file '50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extensionmylnx02@mylnx02:~$ innobackupex -vinnobackupex version 2.4.6 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 54967d1)2：Installing Percona XtraBackup from Downloaded rpm or apt Packages
1：使用 yum localinstall package 从本机目录安装软件包
[root@mylnx13 ~]#wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.4/\> binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm[root@mylnx13 ~]#yum localinstall percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm2：原始的 rpm 安装方式
这里测试环境，下载的是 Percona-XtraBackup-2.2.12-r8726828-el5-x86_64-bundle.tar 安装包。在安装之前最好安装一些其他额外组件，例如 perl-DBD-MySQL 等。否则你会遇到一些杂七杂八的问题。例如
perl(DBD::mysql) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64
[root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID cd2efd2a
error: Failed dependencies:
perl(DBD::mysql) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64
[root@DB-Server ~]# yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr \ bison libtool ncurses5-devel[root@DB-Server ~]# yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
[root@MySQLDB005 tmp]# tar -xf Percona-XtraBackup-2.2.12-r8726828-el5-x86_64-bundle.tar[root@MySQLDB005 tmp]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpmwarning: percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID cd2efd2aPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:percona-xtrabackup ########################################### [100%][root@MySQLDB005 tmp]#
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